<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038</id><updated>2012-01-16T09:01:11.295-08:00</updated><category term='Nearctic region'/><category term='Limacodidae'/><category term='ancestral trait estimation'/><category term='Noctuidae'/><category term='Roeslerstammiidae'/><category term='Cosmopterigidae'/><category term='Behavioural ecology'/><category term='life history'/><category term='Mimicry'/><category term='Phylogeography'/><category term='Macroevolution'/><category term='Pyraloidea Planet'/><category term='Macroecology'/><category term='Palaearctic region'/><category term='chemical ecology'/><category term='Evo-devo'/><category term='pre-adaptation'/><category term='Tortricoidea'/><category term='Research trends'/><category term='Lasiocampidae'/><category term='Taxonomy'/><category term='Geometroidea'/><category term='Hesperiidae'/><category term='plant-insect interactions'/><category term='barcode fragment'/><category term='Book review'/><category term='Gracillarioidea'/><category term='Afrotropical region'/><category term='Journal information'/><category term='population genetics'/><category term='Hostplant utilization'/><category term='Nolidae'/><category term='Nymphalidae'/><category term='Sphingidae'/><category term='Booklet or Leaflet'/><category term='genetics'/><category term='Collection and Institution'/><category term='Saturniidae'/><category term='Prodoxidae'/><category term='Neopseustidae'/><category term='climate change'/><category term='Lymantriidae'/><category term='Biogeography'/><category term='Phylogenetics'/><category term='karyotype evolution'/><category term='Learning'/><category term='Pyraloidea'/><category term='Zygaenidae'/><category term='barcode gap'/><category term='Invasive species'/><category term='Gelechioidea'/><category term='Tineioidea'/><category term='Bombycoidea'/><category term='Rhopalocera'/><category term='Micropterigidae'/><category term='Pieridae'/><category term='Choreutidae'/><category term='Uraniidae'/><category term='Community ecology'/><category term='Bucculatricidae'/><category term='Tortricid.net'/><category term='Oriental region'/><category term='Paleotropics'/><category term='Neotropical region'/><category term='Noctuoidea'/><category term='Yponomeutoidea'/><category term='Indo-Australasian region'/><category term='Tortricidae'/><category term='Molecular systematics'/><category term='Heliozelidae'/><category term='evolution'/><category term='Forum Herbulot'/><category term='Ethiopian region'/><category term='molecular dating'/><category term='crypsis'/><category term='coevolution'/><category term='Arctiidae'/><category term='Acoustics'/><category term='Hypenidae'/><category term='Lecithoceridae'/><category term='microevolution'/><category term='speciation'/><category term='Host-parasitoid interaction'/><category term='Sexual Selection'/><category term='diversification'/><category term='Crambidae'/><category term='phylogeny'/><category term='Eriocraniidae'/><category term='Field Observation'/><category term='Highlighted article'/><category term='Macrolepidoptera'/><category term='Myth and Reality'/><category term='Hyblaeidae'/><category term='Pterophoroidea'/><category term='cryptic species'/><category term='conservation'/><category term='人物'/><category term='Methodology and Techniques'/><category term='morphology'/><category term='Papilionidae'/><category term='Drepanoidea'/><category term='New book'/><category term='TaiBNET'/><category term='TORTS'/><category term='Fauna'/><category term='Holarctic region'/><category term='Biodiversity'/><category term='Database'/><category term='Molecular detection'/><category term='wing pattern analysis'/><category term='Conference information'/><category term='herbarium'/><category term='Notodontidae'/><category term='Exhibition'/><category term='媒體評論'/><title type='text'>台灣鱗翅學簡訊 (Digest of Taiwan Lepidopterology)</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>328</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-5851960006155491583</id><published>2012-01-12T07:23:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-16T08:59:54.144-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Tortricidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><title type='text'>回顧JC Fabricius發表之捲蛾</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8kkUeYQB50c/Tw_rstQTsRI/AAAAAAAAAIc/RYhfw_AhYGg/s1600/%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%25871.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 284px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8kkUeYQB50c/Tw_rstQTsRI/AAAAAAAAAIc/RYhfw_AhYGg/s400/%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%25871.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5697031206941733138" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify; font-size:85%;" &gt;文獻來源：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Baixera, J. &amp;amp; Karsholt, O. 2011&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify; font-size:85%;" &gt;. The Tortricidae described by J. C. Farbricius (Lepidoptera). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Zootaxa &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b style="text-align: justify; "&gt;3127&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify; font-size:85%;" &gt;: 1-37&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;簡介：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Christian_Fabricius"&gt;Johan Christian Fabricius&lt;/a&gt;所發表的昆蟲多達9523種，其中捲蛾物種具有重大經濟影響，目前這些當初被用作物種發表的模式物種標本，經過幾翻波折目前多存放於&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="st"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;哥本哈根大學動物博物館&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;中(Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, ZMUC)，在Baixera及Karsholt2011年的文章中，回顧了存放於此博物館中由Fabricius所描述的88種捲蛾，而重新檢視的主要結果以及貢獻如下：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol  style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;重新描述存放於上述&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="st"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;博物館&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;由Fabricius發表的所有捲蛾模式標本。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;建立三個物種的選模(Lectotype)，分別為&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-STYLE: italic;font-size:85%;" &gt;Tinea compostiella&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; (Fabricius, 1775)、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-STYLE: italic;font-size:85%;" &gt;Pyralis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-STYLE: italic;font-size:85%;" &gt; rivellana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; (Fabricius, 1775)以及&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-STYLE: italic;font-size:85%;" &gt;P. strigana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; (Fabricius, 1775)。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;兩個物種被併入同物異名(Synonymy)：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-STYLE: italic;font-size:85%;" &gt;Pyralis marmorana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; (Fabricius, 1798)被視為&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-STYLE: italic;font-size:85%;" &gt;Ancylis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-STYLE: italic;font-size:85%;" &gt;achatana &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;(Denis and Schiffermuller, 1775)的同物異名；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-STYLE: italic;font-size:85%;" &gt;P. rusticana &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;(Fabricius, 1794)被視為&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-STYLE: italic;font-size:85%;" &gt;Epinotia solandriana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; (Linnaeus, 1758)之同物異名&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;大多數由Fabricius發表之捲蛾多置於&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="FONT-STYLE: italic;font-size:85%;" &gt;Pyralis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;屬，其中由他發表於Pyralis屬之非捲蛾物種 (共49種)，亦被重新檢視。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;根據動物命名法規(ICZN)23.9條(線上版&lt;a href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/includes/page.jsp?article=23&amp;amp;nfv=#9"&gt;連結&lt;/a&gt;)，數個由他優先發表之物種命名優先權被抑制，包括了&lt;i&gt;Eucisma aspidscana&lt;/i&gt; (Hübner, 1817)為有效名取代&lt;i&gt;Pyralis obscurana&lt;/i&gt; Fabricius, 1798、&lt;i&gt;Clepsis spectrana&lt;/i&gt; (Treitschke, 1830)為有效合名取代&lt;i&gt;Pyralis posticana&lt;/i&gt; Fabricius, 1794以及&lt;i&gt;Isotrias rectifasciana&lt;/i&gt; (Haworth, 1811)為有效名取代&lt;i&gt;Pyralis trifasciana &lt;/i&gt;Fabricius, 1794。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;附註：點此(&lt;a href="http://www.zmuc.dk/EntoWeb/collections-databaser/Lepidoptera/Lepidoptera%20fabricius1793-1807.htm"&gt;連結&lt;/a&gt;)可以連結到所有Fabricius發表存放於ZMUC之鱗翅目模式標本之名錄(部分有照片)。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-5851960006155491583?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/5851960006155491583/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=5851960006155491583' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5851960006155491583'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5851960006155491583'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2012/01/blog-post_12.html' title='回顧JC Fabricius發表之捲蛾'/><author><name>劉胖丁</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06945621085087805238</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8kkUeYQB50c/Tw_rstQTsRI/AAAAAAAAAIc/RYhfw_AhYGg/s72-c/%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%2589%25871.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-3352541241457009895</id><published>2012-01-05T16:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-16T09:01:11.339-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='TaiBNET'/><title type='text'>2011年 TaiBNET鱗翅目資料修訂與影像上傳清單</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aibAR9gbmLs/TwZHZXc-MJI/AAAAAAAABJk/8GVOefxiHZk/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2012-01-06%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%25888.58.01.png"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 281px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aibAR9gbmLs/TwZHZXc-MJI/AAAAAAAABJk/8GVOefxiHZk/s400/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2012-01-06%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%25888.58.01.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5694317279974404242" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;共計8科93筆後設資訊與378種463筆之影像, 請由&lt;a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0ArF5cMAlopaudDFQZEJVRVlON0kxakl1dmVoSGdLZEE"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;此google文件連結&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;瀏覽, 若發現資料上的任何問題敬請留言&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-3352541241457009895?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/3352541241457009895/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=3352541241457009895' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3352541241457009895'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3352541241457009895'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2012/01/2011-taibnet.html' title='2011年 TaiBNET鱗翅目資料修訂與影像上傳清單'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aibAR9gbmLs/TwZHZXc-MJI/AAAAAAAABJk/8GVOefxiHZk/s72-c/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2012-01-06%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%25888.58.01.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-8655091889782430818</id><published>2012-01-05T09:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-05T09:40:10.344-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geometroidea'/><title type='text'>雌尖灰尺蛾台灣亞種(Descoreba simplex inouei)應屬無效名, 及新種黃絹尖尺蛾(D. albolutea)與綠絹尖尺蛾(D. alboviridis)的描述</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RS0CwUVGQL8/TwXdkLcgvdI/AAAAAAAATkY/ThBi3OsipUo/s1600/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B4.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 316px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RS0CwUVGQL8/TwXdkLcgvdI/AAAAAAAATkY/ThBi3OsipUo/s400/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B4.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5694200917497265618" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: Sato, R, Stuning D, Fu CM (2011) &lt;/span&gt;The genus &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Descoreba &lt;/span&gt;Butler (Geometridae, Ennominae) from Taiwan, with description of two new species. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Tinea&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;(5): 280-287.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" &gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;Two new species of the genus Descoreba Butler, 1878 are described from Taiwan: D. albolutea sp. n. and D. alboviridis sp. n. They are compared to the single known species of Descoreba and to all three species of the closely related genus Doratoptera Hampson, 1895. Descoreba simplex inouei Okano, 1960, described from Taiwan, is synonymized with the nominotypical subspecies from Japan. Doratoptera nicevilei rufistriga Kiriakoff, 1964 is proposed as a new subspecies name. Male and female adults of the new species and of D. simplex Butler, 1878 and their genitalia are figured, as well as female genitalia of D. nicevillei for the first time.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-8655091889782430818?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/8655091889782430818/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=8655091889782430818' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8655091889782430818'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8655091889782430818'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2012/01/descoreba-simplex-inouei-d-albolutead.html' title='雌尖灰尺蛾台灣亞種(Descoreba simplex inouei)應屬無效名, 及新種黃絹尖尺蛾(D. albolutea)與綠絹尖尺蛾(D. alboviridis)的描述'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RS0CwUVGQL8/TwXdkLcgvdI/AAAAAAAATkY/ThBi3OsipUo/s72-c/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B4.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-539524771821478125</id><published>2012-01-05T09:13:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-05T09:26:14.949-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geometroidea'/><title type='text'>過去在台灣被視為銀線尺蛾Scardamia metallaria的物種是一個新種: 柞木銀線尺蛾S. xylosmaria</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U5ztxcx36uQ/TwXadGIl9cI/AAAAAAAATkM/RIPmd_DZo0s/s1600/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B6.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 395px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U5ztxcx36uQ/TwXadGIl9cI/AAAAAAAATkM/RIPmd_DZo0s/s400/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B6.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5694197497277576642" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aTFPRCMEGuM/TwXaYFEkk-I/AAAAAAAATkA/6ZHmR1Xt6sc/s1600/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B5.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 399px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aTFPRCMEGuM/TwXaYFEkk-I/AAAAAAAATkA/6ZHmR1Xt6sc/s400/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B5.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5694197411092927458" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: Sato R, Fu CM, Kawakami Y. (2011) &lt;/span&gt;Description of a new species of the genus&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; Scardamia &lt;/span&gt;Guenee (Geometridae, Ennominae) from Japan and Taiwan, with taxonomic notes on the related species.&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; Tinea&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;(5): 259-267.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new species, &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Scardamia xylomaria &lt;/span&gt;Sato, Fu &amp;amp; Kawakami, is described from Japan and Taiwan, being separated from &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;S. aurantiacaria &lt;/span&gt;Bremer, 1864. The host plant is&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; Xylosma congesta&lt;/span&gt; (Salicaceae). It is similar to&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; S. metallaria&lt;/span&gt; Guenee, 1858, in&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; the hindwing antemedial line. Moths and genitalia of both sexes of S. xylosmaria, S. aurantiacaria and &lt;/span&gt;S. metallaria are illusatrated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-539524771821478125?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/539524771821478125/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=539524771821478125' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/539524771821478125'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/539524771821478125'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2012/01/scardamia-metallaria-s-xylosmaria.html' title='過去在台灣被視為銀線尺蛾Scardamia metallaria的物種是一個新種: 柞木銀線尺蛾S. xylosmaria'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U5ztxcx36uQ/TwXadGIl9cI/AAAAAAAATkM/RIPmd_DZo0s/s72-c/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B6.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-6840425468732477724</id><published>2012-01-05T05:23:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-05T06:51:29.397-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='New book'/><title type='text'>[新書]金色島嶼的六足精靈</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-egGd4mapZ3I/TwWkfpIzXsI/AAAAAAAATj0/0InXY_Sjwi0/s1600/3.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 279px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-egGd4mapZ3I/TwWkfpIzXsI/AAAAAAAATj0/0InXY_Sjwi0/s400/3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5694138167405534914" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MuemgbNvgoc/TwWkX94fCVI/AAAAAAAATjc/95QxvVMcHbs/s1600/1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 281px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MuemgbNvgoc/TwWkX94fCVI/AAAAAAAATjc/95QxvVMcHbs/s400/1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5694138035535284562" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-O7rLGfo06oY/TwWkbkWIyxI/AAAAAAAATjo/U1k8zJSx2U0/s1600/2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 278px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-O7rLGfo06oY/TwWkbkWIyxI/AAAAAAAATjo/U1k8zJSx2U0/s400/2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5694138097399810834" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[書名] &lt;/span&gt;金色島嶼的六足精靈(上)(下)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[作者]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://blog.ylib.com/flower/Archives/2011/12/26/19222"&gt;張永仁&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[審定]&lt;/span&gt; 趙榮台&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[年代]&lt;/span&gt; 2011年12月&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[出版] &lt;/span&gt;金門國家公園管理處&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[ISBN]&lt;/span&gt; 978-986-03-0552-4&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[書介] &lt;/span&gt;台灣本土學者對於金門昆蟲的較具規模的調查始自1990年代, 分別由李俊延, 王效岳, 范義彬, 何逸民, 張連浩等人完成, 並分別出版多本書籍與科普論文. 而自金門國家公園成立以後, 由師大生科系徐堉峰老師的團隊所進行的調查, 算是第一次以較科學性的方式呈現金門的昆蟲相. 然而這個事實上在地理上屬於福建, 也就是華南沉降海岸地區的昆蟲相調查, 早在20世紀初便由&lt;a href="http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/44/30/e6.html"&gt;楚南仁博&lt;/a&gt;所開啟. 雖然楚南當時的調查範圍是離金門非常近的鼓浪嶼, 但楚南當時所提供的資訊則對華南沿海在20世紀的昆蟲相資訊跨出很大的一步. 雖然金門的昆蟲書已有多本問世, 但受限於公家單位的經費, 法規, 還有(我一定要說的)糟糕的銷售管道與不積極, 多數的書籍連出版訊息都無法為人所知, 連索取也還要憑公文, 靠關係, 更別說資訊的流通了. 這也就是說, 無論是台灣的昆蟲學界, 或是賞蟲社群, 對金門昆蟲的瞭解大抵上還是停留在一些"台灣本島沒有的中大型昆蟲"上, 例如黃邊鳳蝶, 龍眼雞之類的生物. 也因此無論是一般社群或昆蟲學者也很難馬上告訴你, 金門昆蟲相, 或福建沿海低地的昆蟲相的特色是什麼? 張永仁這套新書的問世, 比較起過去的一些相關出版品, 其實有一些新的意義與進展. 就我粗淺的翻閱後, 我發現這本書中多數的形態描述都是重新編寫的, 不是依據過去文獻照抄的, 而有相當比例的昆蟲是作者自己在金門採集飼養所得, 因此這套書提供了相當可貴的幼生期資訊. 每一個物種, 也都有一些小故事或奇趣小觀察. 例如他特別提到金門的玉帶鳳蝶紅斑型雌蟲並不會不常見, 甚至比紅紋鳳蝶常見一事, 事實上在高雄的柴山也是如此. 若非對擬態生物學理論有基本認知的人, 是難以察覺到其間的奧妙的. 由於張永仁先生本身高超的攝影技巧與熱忱, 使得這本書並不著重在大型物種, 我想這對增進民眾對非大型昆蟲的瞭解與解說教育的知識背景來說是很有益處的. 不過其中還是有幾處值得討論:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;近期台灣所有昆蟲圖鑑都面臨一個問題: 介紹"昆蟲是什麼的時候"是不是應該追趕現今昆蟲學者與昆蟲學系教學上採用的演化架構與分類系統呢? 我想這個問題從朱耀沂老師的昆蟲Q&amp;amp;A, 盧耽的圖解昆蟲學都能看到. 有不少論壇訊息仍然複製一個源自民國至少60-70年代的古早印象: 中興大學和台灣大學昆蟲系教的昆蟲分類系統不一樣, 一邊教的是32目, 一邊教的是28目. 其實這件事自從徐堉峰老師在2002年翻譯昆蟲學概論以後早就改變了. 1990年代以後無論是昆蟲學者, 或節肢動物演化學者都同意, 昆蟲綱(Insecta)已經不再同等於六足類(Hexapoda), 而整個六足類則應被歸屬於泛甲殼類(Pan-Crustacea). 無翅亞綱不是單系群, 因此這個類群就不再存在, 取而代之的是把原尾類, 彈尾類, 雙尾類置於內口綱(Entognatha), 石蛃與衣魚也不再同屬於纓尾目, 而是沒有關係的兩個很早就起源的類群. 古早課本上教的古翅群還有外生翅群也已經不存在, 因為都不是單系群. 而食毛目與蝨目合併為毛蝨目, 蛇蛉被是為獨立的目, 蚤目與長翅目被提議合併, 都是近年的新發展. 但, 這會影響科普讀物的撰寫或品質嗎? 我認為不會耶. 呈現舊的28目或32目的分類系統並沒有任何"錯"的問題. 那仍然是在某個年代被認為"合理的假說", 而且就科普讀物的實用價值來說, 激發民眾對生物的喜愛與珍惜, 累積更多的常識, 才是重點. 因此我不是那麼認為使用一個舊的架構來介紹昆蟲會有什麼問題.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;金門重要嗎? 有人或許覺得不過就是一個小小島, 離中國那麼近, 基本上就是中國的一部份, 也不值得拿來討論島嶼生物相議題. 而且幹嘛一直出新書呢? 但就保育的觀點來說, 整個福建沿海的破壞那麼嚴重, 雖然金門也從明鄭時期至今被破壞了近400年, 但至少在戒嚴期間與劃設國家公園之後, 金門的昆蟲相可以說是福建沿海的縮影. 金門還有許多重要的棲地並不在國家公園範圍內, 面對金門縣政府錢太多沒地方花大舉水泥化所有的溪流與水域的態勢, 這套書所呈現的金門昆蟲多樣性還能夠存留多久也是值得注意的.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;然後我覺得這本書留意到因為中國因生物防治目的而刻意引入的昆蟲擴散到金門的入侵性植物也多所著墨, 是相當細緻的部份. 拍到鐵木劍鳳蝶, 木蜂天蛾和網錦斑蛾真是太威了, 想都沒想過金門會有這種東西啊. 但是台灣黃毒蛾的照片可能有兩張的鑑定還必要商榷.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;最後, 這套書所包含的其它金門新紀錄昆蟲種類, 可由張永仁先生的個人部落格上一窺究竟.      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-6840425468732477724?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/6840425468732477724/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=6840425468732477724' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6840425468732477724'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6840425468732477724'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2012/01/blog-post.html' title='[新書]金色島嶼的六足精靈'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-egGd4mapZ3I/TwWkfpIzXsI/AAAAAAAATj0/0InXY_Sjwi0/s72-c/3.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-5686873459443046510</id><published>2011-12-05T08:22:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-05T08:31:28.393-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Molecular systematics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='phylogeny'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geometroidea'/><title type='text'>尺蛾科分子親緣關係研究進展</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-51n8PTz9BNc/TtzwBAjXg0I/AAAAAAAABGo/wcgZ4Fi5cIk/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-12-06%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258812.22.50.png" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;img style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 392px; height: 400px; " src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-51n8PTz9BNc/TtzwBAjXg0I/AAAAAAAABGo/wcgZ4Fi5cIk/s400/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-12-06%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258812.22.50.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5682680729953600322" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;文獻來源：Sihvonen, P., M. Mutanen, L. Kaila, G. Brehm, A. Hausmann, H. S. Staude. 2011. Comprehensive Molecular Sampling Yields a Robust Phylogeny for Geometrid Moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLoS ONE 6(6): e20356. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020356 [&lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0020356"&gt;全文&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;b&gt;簡介&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;尺蛾為鱗翅目當中擁有第二高物種多樣性的科級，全世界約有23,000已被描述的物種。除了近期的幾篇形態與分子為主的研究，此類群在高階親緣關係上仍待探討。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;此篇文章選取全球具代表性尺蛾分類群，藉由八段基因來重建親緣關係。結果顯示 (1) 尺蛾科確為單系群，其姊妹枝系為偽燕蛾科 (Sematuridae)+鳳蛾顆 (Epicopeiidae)，然而此結果與Mutanen (2010)以及Reiger et. al (2009)有出入；(2) 尺蛾科內部的分子親緣關係與&lt;a href="http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2009/02/blog-post_17.html"&gt;2007年Yamamoto與Sota&lt;/a&gt;的研究中主要亞科的關係所得結果相同，姬尺蛾亞科與波(花)尺蛾亞科枝系為其他亞科之姊妹群，然而幾個物種數少的亞科關係則尚待釐清；(3) 星尺蛾與細尺蛾兩亞科在此篇文章形成一多系群；(4) 枝尺蛾亞科雖為單系群然而樹型支持度低，且納入了過去被視為獨立亞科之“空點尺蛾亞科 (Orthostixinae)”與Alsophilinae亞科之取樣物種；(4) 過去所劃定的族級族多非單系群。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;雖然此篇文章以相較前人研究增加了倍數的分類群，然而仍有關鍵類群尚未納入，例如“空點尺蛾亞科 (Orthostixinae)”之模式屬&lt;i&gt;Orthostixis&lt;/i&gt;、主要產於澳洲的狹義星尺蛾亞科類群，以及非洲產Diptychini族(被認為可能是尾尺蛾族Ourapterygini之姊妹群)等，則留待未來進行研究。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Background: The moth family Geometridae (inchworms or loopers), with approximately 23 000 described species, is the second most diverse family of the Lepidoptera. Apart from a few recent attempts based on morphology and molecular studies, the phylogeny of these moths has remained largely uninvestigated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Methodology/Principal Findings: We performed a rigorous and extensive molecular analysis of eight genes to examine the geometrid affinities in a global context, including a search for its potential sister-taxa. Our maximum likelihood analyses included 164 taxa distributed worldwide, of which 150 belong to the Geometridae. The selected taxa represent all previously recognized subfamilies and nearly 90% of recognized tribes, and originate from all over world. We found the Geometridae to be monophyletic with the Sematuridae+Epicopeiidae clade potentially being its sister-taxon. We found all previously recognized subfamilies to be monophyletic, with a few taxa misplaced, except the Oenochrominae+Desmobathrinae complex that is a polyphyletic assemblage of taxa and the Orthostixinae, which was positioned within the Ennominae. The Sterrhinae and Larentiinae were found to be sister to the remaining taxa, followed by Archiearinae, the polyphyletic assemblage of Oenochrominae+Desmobathrinae moths, Geometrinae and Ennominae. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Conclusions/Significance: Our study provides the first comprehensive phylogeny of the Geometridae in a global context. Our results generally agree with the other, more restricted studies, suggesting that the general phylogenetic patterns of the Geometridae are now well-established. Generally the subfamilies, many tribes, and assemblages of tribes were well supported but their interrelationships were often weakly supported by our data. The Eumeleini were particularly difficult to place in the current system, and several tribes were found to be para- or polyphyletic.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-5686873459443046510?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/5686873459443046510/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=5686873459443046510' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5686873459443046510'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5686873459443046510'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post.html' title='尺蛾科分子親緣關係研究進展'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-51n8PTz9BNc/TtzwBAjXg0I/AAAAAAAABGo/wcgZ4Fi5cIk/s72-c/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-12-06%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258812.22.50.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-1116273727190080196</id><published>2011-12-04T07:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-05T06:09:42.898-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Nymphalidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='phylogeny'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Neotropical region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sexual Selection'/><title type='text'>由形態特徵重建新熱帶美洲蛺蝶Hamadryas屬之親緣關係並著重發聲結構的失去與其他替代性別辨識機制產生的討論</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YndVNyhefFA/TtuW2spYClI/AAAAAAAABGY/Zd5dAN9wQd4/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-12-04%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%258811.43.17.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 218px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YndVNyhefFA/TtuW2spYClI/AAAAAAAABGY/Zd5dAN9wQd4/s400/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-12-04%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%258811.43.17.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5682301221299817042" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="s1" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;文獻來源：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;Garzo-Orduna, I. J. 2011. Phylogenetic evidence for loss of sound production and a shift in sexual recognition signals in &lt;i&gt;Hamadryas&lt;/i&gt; butterflies (Nymphalidae: Biblidinae). Systematic Entomology. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00599.x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p5" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;b&gt;簡介&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="s3"&gt;分布於&lt;/span&gt;新熱帶美洲的&lt;i&gt;Hamadryas&lt;/i&gt;屬為蛺蝶科Biblidinae亞科類群，共計有20個物種，當中約有近半數具有前翅發聲結構、少數具有雌雄翅紋二型性與雄蟲具發香鱗片的種類。由過去的生物學顯示此屬辨識特徵尚有翅背面如花部狀紋路、吸食腐敗果實、停棲時頭下尾上以及飛行路徑飄忽不定。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p2" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;過去30年間雖然有此屬的屬內歸群處理，然而尚未有以支序學所建立的親緣關係研究，本文章即首次以形態特徵重建親緣，並討論以下議題：(1) &lt;i&gt;Hamadryas&lt;/i&gt;是否為一單系枝系，具有哪些衍徵來支持？(2) 此屬姊妹群為何? (3) 評估過去所建立亞屬之單系性；(4) 演化上如發聲、二型性與發香鱗等特徵出現與先後的判定與討論。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p2" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;結果討論顯示&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="p2" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;(1) Hamadryas屬為單系群；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="p2" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="s4"&gt;(2) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;此屬姊妹群為&lt;i&gt;Ectima&lt;/i&gt;屬；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="p2" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="s4"&gt;(3) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;除了&lt;i&gt;H. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s4"&gt;&lt;i&gt;laodamia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;枝系外其餘過去之屬內亞屬歸群皆非單系群；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s4"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="p2" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="s4"&gt;(4) 在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;發聲、二型性與發香鱗等特徵的演化上，發聲結構在特徵分析中被拆解為獨立的四個前翅翅脈特徵，然而能夠發聲的行為僅產生過一次(單一起源)，該枝系當中的&lt;i&gt;H. laodamia&lt;/i&gt;與其近緣種則再次失去此發聲結構。雖然&lt;i&gt;H. laodamia&lt;/i&gt;枝系失去發聲能力，此支系卻擁有雄蟲發香鱗與翅型/翅紋雌雄二型性的特徵。作者因此認為若發聲行為是作為物種辨識用，則失去發聲行為的枝系則以發香鱗與二型性等特徵替代辨識。目前尚不清楚此三特徵組的出現順序，待後續研究。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="p2" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;(5) 藉由親緣關係樹所得之雌雄二型性特徵分佈，作者也比對此結果是否符合過去三個雌雄二型性起源假說(註)之一。由於雌雄二型性枝系H. laodamia的雌蟲翅紋為祖徵，而雄蟲翅紋為衍徵，因此雖然沒有直接的證據支持，此結果仍較符合達爾文所提出的雌蟲偏好特定雄蟲特徵的假說；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="p2" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;(6) 由於所重建之親緣關係樹整體樹型支持度不高，後續仍有待幼蟲形態資訊以及分子證據的加入，此外對於雌雄蟲辨識所利用特徵的方式，則需要更詳盡的野外觀察與網室試驗來解釋。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;註：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;過去三個主要之雌雄二型性起源假說&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;(1) 達爾文 (1971) - 性擇假說，由雌性偏好與特定雄性產生後代的選汰方式達成；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;(2) 華萊士 (1889) - 天擇假說：雌性儘可能產生隱蔽自身的形狀、斑紋等(相對於祖先型者)來增加適存值；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;(3) Silberglied (1984)- 雄性間互動假說：雄性藉由視覺來辨識其他雄性個體的物種異同，並用以對同種雌性進行展示。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p6" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="p6" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;The neotropical butterfly genus &lt;i&gt;Hamadryas &lt;/i&gt;Hubner comprises 20 species &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;that exhibit an intriguing variation in their natural history traits. Although revised in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;1983, no phylogenetic hypothesis was presented: the first phylogenetic hypothesis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;is estimated here based on 93 characters and including species from the three other &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;genera in the tribe Ageroniini. The phylogeny is used to test the monophyly of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;genus, establish the sister group of &lt;i&gt;Hamadryas &lt;/i&gt;and identify its apomorphies. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;tree allows the inference of patterns of character change in sound production and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;sexual dimorphism. Implied weights show that &lt;i&gt;Hamadryas &lt;/i&gt;is monophyletic and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;corroborate &lt;i&gt;Ectima &lt;/i&gt;Doubleday as a sister genus. Previously suggested subgenera &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;for &lt;i&gt;Hamadryas &lt;/i&gt;were non-monophyletic, with the exception of the &lt;i&gt;laodamia &lt;/i&gt;clade, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;supported by the presence of a complete sterigma. Sound production is inferred to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;be a derived condition in &lt;i&gt;Hamadryas &lt;/i&gt;that has been lost in the &lt;i&gt;laodamia &lt;/i&gt;clade. This, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;plus the presence of androconial organs and sexual dimorphism in the &lt;i&gt;laodamia &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;clade, suggests a shift in sexual recognition signalling. Furthermore, the phylogeny &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;indicates that the colour pattern of males in the &lt;i&gt;laodamia &lt;/i&gt;clade is novel, supporting &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;a Darwinian origin of sexual dimorphism.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-1116273727190080196?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/1116273727190080196/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=1116273727190080196' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/1116273727190080196'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/1116273727190080196'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/12/hamadryas.html' title='由形態特徵重建新熱帶美洲蛺蝶Hamadryas屬之親緣關係並著重發聲結構的失去與其他替代性別辨識機制產生的討論'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YndVNyhefFA/TtuW2spYClI/AAAAAAAABGY/Zd5dAN9wQd4/s72-c/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-12-04%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%258811.43.17.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-7350668463267904940</id><published>2011-11-03T05:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-03T05:42:54.624-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hostplant utilization'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Gelechioidea'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Phylogenetics'/><title type='text'>使用七個基因與109個物種的分析結果顯示旋蛾總科的幼蟲食性可能造就其高度的多樣性</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2606/4065862935_795be94ba5_o.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 266px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-59GbtrxtcMg/TrKL2KrvmYI/AAAAAAAAS9g/ZtxhM7Qn3VE/s400/4065862935_795be94ba5_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5670748643509901698" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: Kaila L, Mutanen M, Nyman T. 2011.&lt;/span&gt; Phylogeny of the mega-diverse Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera): Adaptations and determinants of success. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;61&lt;/span&gt;(2011): 801-809.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" &gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;The Gelechioidea, with 18,000 described and many more unnamed species ranks among the most diverse lepidopteran superfamilies. Nevertheless, their taxonomy has remained largely unresolved, and phylogenetic affinities among gelechioid families and lower taxa have been insufficiently understood. We constructed, for the first time, a comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the Gelechioidea. We sampled seven genes, in total 5466 base pairs, of 109 gelechioid taxa representing 32 of 37 recognized subfamilies, and two outgroup taxa. We used maximum likelihood methods and Bayesian inference to construct phylogenetic trees. We found that the families Autostichidae, Lecithoceridae, Xyloryctidae, and Oecophoridae s. str., in this order, are the most basally arising clades. Elachistidae s. l. was found to be paraphyletic, with families such as Gelechiidae and Cosmopterigidae nested within it, and Parametriotinae associated with several families previously considered unrelated to them. Using the phylogenetic trees, we examined patterns of life history evolution and determinants of the success of different lineages. Gelechioids express unusually wide variability in life-history strategies, including herbivorous, saprophagous, fungivorous, and carnivorous lineages. Most species are highly specialized in diet and other life history traits. The results suggest that either saprophagy was the ancestral feeding strategy from which herbivory evolved independently on multiple occasions, or that the ancestor was herbivorous with repeated origins of saprophagy. External feeding is an ancestral trait from which internal feeding evolved independently several times. In terms of species number, saprophages are dominant in Australia, while elsewhere several phytophagous lineages have extensively specialized and diversified. Internal feeding has remained a somewhat less generally adopted feeding mode, although in a few lineages significant radiations of leaf mining species have occurred. We conclude that diverse feeding modes, specialization among saprophages, repeated shifts to phytophagy, and a generally high specialization rate on single plant species (monophagy) are the major factors behind the success of the Gelechioidea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;圖片拍攝:&lt;/span&gt; 吳士緯&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-7350668463267904940?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/7350668463267904940/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=7350668463267904940' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/7350668463267904940'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/7350668463267904940'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/11/109.html' title='使用七個基因與109個物種的分析結果顯示旋蛾總科的幼蟲食性可能造就其高度的多樣性'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-59GbtrxtcMg/TrKL2KrvmYI/AAAAAAAAS9g/ZtxhM7Qn3VE/s72-c/4065862935_795be94ba5_o.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-2265273061844080488</id><published>2011-09-15T00:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-15T00:04:37.448-07:00</updated><title type='text'>中國產茶蠶蛾(現改隸屬樺蛾科)屬的分類檢討與新種貢山茶蠶的描述</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I9SaeQeXlOo/TnGivhAnJmI/AAAAAAAAPkE/7LJ8ujJhy_Q/s1600/ZooKeys-127-029-g002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I9SaeQeXlOo/TnGivhAnJmI/AAAAAAAAPkE/7LJ8ujJhy_Q/s320/ZooKeys-127-029-g002.jpg" width="209" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Omp9mw9MF0Y/TnGiuRRQI0I/AAAAAAAAPkA/vxG4R3ykFlc/s1600/ZooKeys-127-029-g004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Omp9mw9MF0Y/TnGiuRRQI0I/AAAAAAAAPkA/vxG4R3ykFlc/s320/ZooKeys-127-029-g004.jpg" width="209" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;文獻來源: Wang X, Zeng L, Wang M. (2011) &lt;/b&gt;The genus&lt;i&gt; Andraca&lt;/i&gt; (Lepidoptera, Endromidae) in China with descriptions of a new species. &lt;i&gt;Zookeys&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;127: &lt;/b&gt;29-42, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.127.928 [&lt;a href="http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/928/the-genus-andraca-lepidoptera-endromidae-in-china-with-descriptions-of-a-new-species"&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The six species of the genus Andraca Walker hitherto known from China are reviewed, and a new species, Andraca gongshanensis, sp. n., described from Yunnan Province, China. Adults and male genitalia of all examined species are illustrated, together with a distributional map. A key to all seven Chinese Andraca species is provided. The types of the new species are deposited in SCAU (South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China) and HUNAU (Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-2265273061844080488?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/2265273061844080488/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=2265273061844080488' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/2265273061844080488'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/2265273061844080488'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post_15.html' title='中國產茶蠶蛾(現改隸屬樺蛾科)屬的分類檢討與新種貢山茶蠶的描述'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I9SaeQeXlOo/TnGivhAnJmI/AAAAAAAAPkE/7LJ8ujJhy_Q/s72-c/ZooKeys-127-029-g002.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-2742359010556546815</id><published>2011-09-14T23:57:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T23:57:45.617-07:00</updated><title type='text'>傳統上認知的"蝴蝶"並不是一個單系群, 若想要讓蝴蝶這個名詞代表一個單系群, 那麼就應該把弄蝶, 絲角蝶總科加以合併</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-a4FeSE60gqk/TnGg03CMP_I/AAAAAAAAPj0/63b64waOk5c/s1600/F1.large.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="217" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-a4FeSE60gqk/TnGg03CMP_I/AAAAAAAAPj0/63b64waOk5c/s320/F1.large.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;文獻來源: Heikkilä M, Kaila L, Mutanen M, Peña C, Wahlberg N. (2011) &lt;/b&gt;Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1430.[&lt;a href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/09/08/rspb.2011.1430.abstract"&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Although the taxonomy of the ca 18 000 species of butterflies and skippers is well known, the family-level relationships are still debated. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamilies Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea and Hedyloidea to date based on morphological and molecular data. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We estimated times and rates of diversification along lineages in order to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our results suggest that the butterflies, as traditionally understood, are paraphyletic, with Papilionidae being the sister-group to Hesperioidea, Hedyloidea and all other butterflies. Hence, the families in the current three superfamilies should be placed in a single superfamily Papilionoidea. In addition, we find that Hedylidae is sister to Hesperiidae, and this novel relationship is supported by two morphological characters. The families diverged in the Early Cretaceous but diversified after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene event. The diversification of butterflies is characterized by a slow speciation rate in the lineage leading to Baronia brevicornis, a period of stasis by the skippers after divergence and a burst of diversification in the lineages leading to Nymphalidae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-2742359010556546815?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/2742359010556546815/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=2742359010556546815' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/2742359010556546815'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/2742359010556546815'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post_14.html' title='傳統上認知的&quot;蝴蝶&quot;並不是一個單系群, 若想要讓蝴蝶這個名詞代表一個單系群, 那麼就應該把弄蝶, 絲角蝶總科加以合併'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-a4FeSE60gqk/TnGg03CMP_I/AAAAAAAAPj0/63b64waOk5c/s72-c/F1.large.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-3170696436510265710</id><published>2011-09-11T21:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-11T21:46:36.700-07:00</updated><title type='text'>所謂的豆莢螟不只一種</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zBHTH1AZTGk/Tm2E42a7WiI/AAAAAAAACZ4/HsIKE53oFNI/s1600/Maruca+vitrata.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="108" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zBHTH1AZTGk/Tm2E42a7WiI/AAAAAAAACZ4/HsIKE53oFNI/s320/Maruca+vitrata.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;文獻來源:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;MargamVM, Coates BS, Ba MN, Sun W, Binso-Dabire CL, Baoua I, Ishiyaku MF, Shukle JT,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; HellmichRL, Covas FG, Ramasamy S, Armstrong J, Pittendrigh BR and Murdock LL. 2011.&lt;/b&gt; Geographicdistribution of phylogenetically-distinct legume pod borer, &lt;i&gt;Maruca vitrata&lt;/i&gt;(Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae). &lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="st"&gt;Molecular Biology Reports&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;38&lt;/b&gt;: 893–903.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3263610440814261038" name="OLE_LINK2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3263610440814261038" name="OLE_LINK1"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;摘要：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: small;"&gt;豆莢螟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: small;"&gt;(&lt;span class="st"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Maruca vitrata&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: small;"&gt;是泛熱帶分佈的重要豆類害蟲，防治上主要仰賴化學藥劑。在分類上，有學者認為豆莢螟是一個複合群，可能包含了不只一種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: small;"&gt;(Taylor, 1967)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: small;"&gt;，然而後續研究卻仍將豆莢螟視為一獨立種。在這篇研究中，作者群利用&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: small;"&gt;PCR-RFLP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: small;"&gt;分析來自臺灣、澳洲、西非與波多黎各材料的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times,&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;cox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: small;"&gt; 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: small;"&gt;基因，發現西非的族群呈現較高的遺傳變異。利用&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: small;"&gt;ITS2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: small;"&gt;重建親緣關係的結果則指向過去被認為是豆莢螟的物種分成三個主要分支，此結果顯示豆莢螟可能包含了不同的種或亞種有待釐清。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-3170696436510265710?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/3170696436510265710/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=3170696436510265710' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3170696436510265710'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3170696436510265710'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post.html' title='所謂的豆莢螟不只一種'/><author><name>nobody</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00743982847408597069</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='21' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_LYWwU_-eKyI/SMFmwtBpFUI/AAAAAAAAAO8/pI2W3DLZw_g/S220/DSC_2303.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zBHTH1AZTGk/Tm2E42a7WiI/AAAAAAAACZ4/HsIKE53oFNI/s72-c/Maruca+vitrata.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-8656221418386589341</id><published>2011-08-29T23:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-08-29T23:52:34.694-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Molecular systematics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Palaearctic region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Tineioidea'/><title type='text'>以COI序列重建鳥穀蛾的分子親緣關係發現一個華南到泰北產新種, M. monacha也被確認為M. monachella的次同物異名</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--2fheLVxi8Y/TlyIL8p_brI/AAAAAAAAO3A/auPE0hYdosM/s1600/m.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 346px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--2fheLVxi8Y/TlyIL8p_brI/AAAAAAAAO3A/auPE0hYdosM/s400/m.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646537771657948850" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: Huang GH, Chen LS, Hirowatari T, Nasu Y, Wang M. 2011. &lt;/span&gt;A revision of the&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; Monopis monachella&lt;/span&gt; species complex (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) from China. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;163&lt;/span&gt;(1): 1-14. [&lt;a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00704.x/abstract"&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt; The Monopis monachella species complex from China is revised, and its relationship to other species complexes of the genus Monopis is discussed with reference to morphological, and molecular evidence. Principal component analysis on all available specimens provided supporting evidence for the existence of three species, one of which is described as new: Monopis iunctio Huang &amp;amp; Hirowatari sp. nov. All species are either diagnosed or described, and illustrated, and information is given on their distribution and host range. Additional information is given on the biology and larval stages of Monopis longella. A preliminary phylogenetic study based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (CO1) sequence data and a key to the species of the M. monachella species complex in China is presented. The types of the new species have been deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Hunan Agricultural University, China and Entomological Laboratory, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-8656221418386589341?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/8656221418386589341/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=8656221418386589341' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8656221418386589341'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8656221418386589341'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/08/coi-m-monacham-monachella.html' title='以COI序列重建鳥穀蛾的分子親緣關係發現一個華南到泰北產新種, M. monacha也被確認為M. monachella的次同物異名'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--2fheLVxi8Y/TlyIL8p_brI/AAAAAAAAO3A/auPE0hYdosM/s72-c/m.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-9066947708692783158</id><published>2011-08-28T20:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-08-29T03:37:12.997-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Noctuoidea'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lymantriidae'/><title type='text'>全球毒蛾屬之生命條碼建構以及台灣類群之分類修訂與討論</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;b&gt;文獻來源：deWaard JR, Mitchell A, Keena MA, Gopurenko D, Boykin LM, et al. (2010) Towards a Global Barcode Library for Lymantria (Lepidoptera: Lymantriinae) Tussock Moths of Biosecurity Concern. PLoS ONE 5(12): e14280. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014280 [&lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0014280#pone.0014280.s001"&gt;連結&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kL0-pFNsFmM/TlsRATdmipI/AAAAAAAAA-M/5-_9NIcGDLA/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-08-29%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%258812.05.50.png"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 260px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kL0-pFNsFmM/TlsRATdmipI/AAAAAAAAA-M/5-_9NIcGDLA/s400/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-08-29%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%258812.05.50.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646125254761155218" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;簡介&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;毒蛾屬(&lt;i&gt;Lymantria&lt;/i&gt;)為裳蛾科(Erebidae)毒蛾亞科(Lymantriinae)之毒蛾族(Lymantriini)物種數約170種的類群，物種多樣性集中於亞洲地區。由於此屬有不少種類具有幼蟲雜食性、大發生造成森林經濟危害，例如原產歐洲的吉普賽毒蛾(&lt;i&gt;L. dispar&lt;/i&gt;)於1868/1869引入北美使其森林之危害以及台灣黑角舞蛾(木毒蛾)(&lt;i&gt;L. xylina&lt;/i&gt;)對闊葉林、果樹林甚至木麻黃防風林之危害，故此篇文章針對部份東亞毒蛾屬類群以及不同的地區之吉普賽毒蛾進行分子生命條碼(molecular bacode)之建置與親緣分析。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;此篇文章在材料上選取36種518個個體作為樣本，取其粒腺體COI生命條碼序列做親緣分析，獲得高支持度的物種歸群，因此有助於未來森林管理單位從事毒蛾屬大發生或是境外移入之物種快速鑑定作業。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;此篇文章亦涵蓋台灣物種的取樣，針對分子親緣重建的結果進行分類處理(於此文章當中之&lt;a href="doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014280.s001"&gt;附檔一&lt;/a&gt;)，以下介紹該處理結果，並綜合近期主要毒蛾屬文獻作討論：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. &lt;i&gt;Lymantria nebulosa&lt;/i&gt;視為獨立於&lt;i&gt;L. sinica&lt;/i&gt;之物種，兼論相關類群之誤鑑定&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lymantria nebulosa&lt;/i&gt;為Wileman (1910)所發表的台灣新種(模式產地台南關仔嶺)，此種在Schintlmeister (2004)當中視為&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/search/?w=13940097%40N04&amp;amp;q=lymantria+sinica&amp;amp;m=text"&gt;L. sinica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;之同物異名，Pogue (2007)延續此處理。此篇文章將&lt;i&gt;L. nebulosa&lt;/i&gt;視為獨立種，所依據者為中國武夷山產之標本，該單一樣本於分子親緣關係樹中與兩隻台灣產被鑑定為&lt;i&gt;L. sinica&lt;/i&gt;之樣本成為一單系群，此枝系再與另一香港產&lt;i&gt;L. sinica&lt;/i&gt;成為姊妹群。此分類處理(將&lt;i&gt;L. nebulosa&lt;/i&gt;視為獨立於&lt;i&gt;L. sinica&lt;/i&gt;之有效種)與分子結果(&lt;i&gt;L. sinica&lt;/i&gt;為駢系群)的資訊並不一致，作者認為原因可能有(1) COI生命條碼無法區別此兩物種; (2) 所選取之各地&lt;i&gt;L. sinica&lt;/i&gt;樣本有可能有鑑定錯誤或是包含了未描述種之可能; 或是(3) 隨兩物種分歧時伴隨&lt;i&gt;L. sinica&lt;/i&gt;之COI多型性之發生。然而此分類處理仍有待釐清者為 (1) &lt;i&gt;L. nebulosa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;之模式產地為台灣，為何僅選取中國武夷山產個體作此學名的地位恢復(status revived)? (2) 分子親緣重建之樣本少且無樹型支持度，卻仍進行分類處理？(3) 缺乏型態證據的討論。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;此外，在Schintlmeister (2004)的文章將影像(Fig. 417)鑑定為&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;L. sinica&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;雄蟲，然而此標本應為當時的未描述種。Pogue (2007)描述一台灣產新種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;L. pulverea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;，並指定兩隻花蓮大禹嶺七月採之雄蟲為正模與副模式標本，以及一筆五月採自宜蘭福山植物園之雄蟲作為另一隻副模標本，而大禹嶺產雄蟲之生殖器繪於圖板14-4。Pogue在其圖板3-7收錄了該福山副模而無大禹嶺產之成蟲標本影像，然此福山標本影像應是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/3954834626/"&gt;L紋褐毒蛾 &lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lymantria grisea kosemponis &lt;/i&gt;Strand, 1914雄蟲&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;之誤鑑定。以上描述可知我們並無&lt;i&gt;L. pulverea&lt;/i&gt;之大禹嶺標本影像作進一步評斷，直到上個月個&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;人解剖科博館一筆毒蛾屬標本才釐清此物種隻標本鑑定，另此種之雌蟲尚未被描述。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zWLCpNYT5IE/TlsNFYIDfnI/AAAAAAAAA-E/Gf4ULpiZMPg/s1600/Lymantria%2B%2Bpulverea%2BPogue%252C%2B2007_NMNS-01_logo.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="text-align: justify; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 266px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zWLCpNYT5IE/TlsNFYIDfnI/AAAAAAAAA-E/Gf4ULpiZMPg/s400/Lymantria%2B%2Bpulverea%2BPogue%252C%2B2007_NMNS-01_logo.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646120943865790066" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lymantria pulverea&lt;/i&gt; Pogue, 2007 (國立台中科學博物館館藏)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;2. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/search/?w=13940097@N04&amp;amp;q=subpallida"&gt;波斑毒蛾 &lt;i&gt;Lymantria mathura subpallida &lt;/i&gt;Okano, 1959&lt;/a&gt;被處理為獨立於原名種&lt;i&gt;L. mathura&lt;/i&gt;外之獨立種，現用組合名為&lt;i&gt;L. subpallida&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;在Schintlmeister (2004)文章中，其描述台灣產L. mathura之外部顏色斑紋變異甚大，並認為主要出自南部族群的標本偏向原名亞種&lt;i&gt;L. m. mathura&lt;/i&gt;，而以北部為主的族群標本偏向日本亞種&lt;i&gt;L. m. aurora&lt;/i&gt;，因此將台灣產&lt;i&gt;L. m. subpallida&lt;/i&gt;視為&lt;i&gt;aurora&lt;/i&gt;之次同物異名。此篇文章似乎忽略Schintlmeister之處理，選取過去認知的&lt;i&gt;L. m. subpallida&lt;/i&gt; 3隻樣本(2隻台灣1隻香港產)，於COI親緣關係樹上明顯與產於俄羅斯、韓國、日本之&lt;i&gt;L. mathura&lt;/i&gt;分群(&lt;i&gt;L. mathura&lt;/i&gt;與日本沖繩之&lt;i&gt;L. flavida&lt;/i&gt;形成最近姊妹群)，此結果初步支持此篇文章的分類處理，然亦如第1項分類處理般缺乏形態資訊。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. 未來待釐清的&lt;i&gt;L. minomonis/&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;L. sugii&lt;/i&gt;分類問題&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;台灣產之毒蛾亞屬(subgenus &lt;i&gt;Lymantria&lt;/i&gt;)包含有低中高海拔夏季常見的&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/4183129675/"&gt;絡毒蛾&lt;i&gt;L. concolor&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;以及另一物種，該物種由Kishida (1986)描述為&lt;i&gt;L. minomonis&lt;/i&gt;之台灣特有亞種(模式產地桃源復興巴陵)，另一亞種產於沖繩為L. m. okinawaensis Kishida, 1987。Schitlmeister (2004)認為&lt;i&gt;L. minomonis&lt;/i&gt;除了由Kishida描述與原名種之雄蟲生殖器之間有些為差異，兩族群之雌蟲生殖器更能夠作為分類依據，他更認為&lt;i&gt;L. minomonis sugii&lt;/i&gt;與印度、越南以及中國產之L. similis更接近，綜此將此族群視為獨立種&lt;i&gt;L. sugii&lt;/i&gt;。Pogue (2007)將沖繩亞種名直接處理為原名種(&lt;i&gt;minomonis&lt;/i&gt;)之次同物異名，並紀錄&lt;i&gt;L. minomonis&lt;/i&gt;產於台灣，卻忽略了Kishida的L. sugii處理。此篇文章選取了日本本州山梨縣的一隻&lt;i&gt;L. minomonis&lt;/i&gt;樣本，分子親緣與同亞屬的L. monacha (L. 1758)(58隻樣本)支系成為姊妹群，此樣本序列可在未來與台灣產&lt;i&gt;L. sugii/minomonis&lt;/i&gt;作比較釐清分類問題。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nUib_A6qUI0/TlsLlQsTfFI/AAAAAAAAA98/naauHztP3f0/s1600/110803%2B%25E5%258D%2597%25E6%258A%2595%2B%25E6%259D%25B1%25E5%259F%2594%2B038%2BLymantria%2Bminomonis-sugii.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="text-align: justify; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 200px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nUib_A6qUI0/TlsLlQsTfFI/AAAAAAAAA98/naauHztP3f0/s400/110803%2B%25E5%258D%2597%25E6%258A%2595%2B%25E6%259D%25B1%25E5%259F%2594%2B038%2BLymantria%2Bminomonis-sugii.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5646119292602907730" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lymantria minomonis &lt;/i&gt;Matsumura, 1933/sugii Kishida, 1986 (左雄蟲; 右雌蟲)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;4. 台灣產毒蛾屬後續研究&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;台灣目前已記錄毒蛾屬8種，仍有約3~4個新紀錄/新種尚待處理，期待未來能有更具系統性的處理。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;           &lt;p class="p1" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p2"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;Background: &lt;/span&gt;Detecting and controlling the movements of invasive species, such as insect pests, relies upon rapid and accurate species identification in order to initiate containment procedures by the appropriate authorities. Many species in the tussock moth genus &lt;i&gt;Lymantria&lt;/i&gt; are significant forestry pests, including the gypsy moth &lt;i&gt;Lymantria&lt;/i&gt; dispar L., and consequently have been a focus for the development of molecular diagnostic tools to assist in identifying species and source populations. In this study we expand the taxonomic and geographic coverage of the DNA barcode reference library, and further test the utility of this diagnostic method, both for species/subspecies assignment and for determination of geographic provenance of populations.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p2"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;Methodology/Principal Findings: &lt;/span&gt;Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcodes were obtained from 518 individuals and 36 species of &lt;i&gt;Lymantria&lt;/i&gt;, including sequences assembled and generated from previous studies, vouchered material in public collections, and intercepted specimens obtained from surveillance programs in Canada. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed, revealing high bootstrap support for 90% of species clusters. Bayesian species assignment was also tested, and resulted in correct assignment to species and subspecies in all instances. The performance of barcoding was also compared against the commonly employed NB restriction digest system (also based on COI); while the latter is informative for discriminating gypsy moth subspecies, COI barcode sequences provide greater resolution and generality by encompassing a greater number of haplotypes across all &lt;i&gt;Lymantria&lt;/i&gt; species, none shared between species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="p2"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;Conclusions/Significance: &lt;/span&gt;This study demonstrates the efficacy of DNA barcodes for diagnosing species of &lt;i&gt;Lymantria &lt;/i&gt;and reinforces the view that the approach is an under-utilized resource with substantial potential for biosecurity and surveillance. Biomonitoring agencies currently employing the NB restriction digest system would gather more information by transitioning to the use of DNA barcoding, a change which could be made relatively seamlessly as the same gene region underlies both protocols.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-9066947708692783158?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/9066947708692783158/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=9066947708692783158' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/9066947708692783158'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/9066947708692783158'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/08/blog-post_28.html' title='全球毒蛾屬之生命條碼建構以及台灣類群之分類修訂與討論'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kL0-pFNsFmM/TlsRATdmipI/AAAAAAAAA-M/5-_9NIcGDLA/s72-c/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-08-29%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%258812.05.50.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-7714742782907857955</id><published>2011-08-16T21:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-08-16T22:40:43.780-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Phylogeography'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rhopalocera'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Nearctic region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Palaearctic region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Phylogenetics'/><title type='text'>根據現生物種的地理分布資訊, 對寒冷氣候的耐受性及其在分子親緣關係架構中的保守性推測藍灰蝶起源於亞洲大陸並經由白令陸橋播遷至新世界</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E2F5FtrGJB0/TktUTP3qEzI/AAAAAAAAOc0/FmkjV27cct4/s1600/F3.large.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 357px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E2F5FtrGJB0/TktUTP3qEzI/AAAAAAAAOc0/FmkjV27cct4/s400/F3.large.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5641695647865901874" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: Vila R, Bell CD, Macniven R, Goldman-Huertas B, Ree RH, Marshall CR, Bálint Z, Johnson K, Benyamini D, Pierce NE. 2011.&lt;/span&gt; Phylogeny and p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;alaeoecology of&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; Polyommatus&lt;/span&gt; blue butterflies show Beringia was a climate-regulated gateway to the New World. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Proceedings of the Royal Society B&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;278&lt;/span&gt;(1719): 2737-2744. [&lt;a href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/278/1719/2737.abstract"&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" &gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;Transcontinental dispersals by organisms usually represent improbable events that constitute a major challenge for biogeographers. By integrating molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography and palaeoecology, we test a bold hypothesis proposed by Vladimir Nabokov regarding the origin of Neotropical Polyommatus blue butterflies, and show that Beringia has served as a biological corridor for the dispersal of these insects from Asia into the New World. We present a novel method to estimate ancestral temperature tolerances using distribution range limits of extant organisms, and find that climatic conditions in Beringia acted as a decisive filter in determining which taxa crossed into the New World during five separate invasions over the past 11 Myr. Our results reveal a marked effect of the Miocene–Pleistocene global cooling, and demonstrate that palaeoclimatic conditions left a strong signal on the ecology of present-day taxa in the New World. The phylogenetic conservatism in thermal tolerances that we have identified may permit the reconstruction of the palaeoecology of ancestral organisms, especially mobile taxa that can easily escape from hostile environments rather than adapt to them. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-7714742782907857955?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/7714742782907857955/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=7714742782907857955' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/7714742782907857955'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/7714742782907857955'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/08/blog-post.html' title='根據現生物種的地理分布資訊, 對寒冷氣候的耐受性及其在分子親緣關係架構中的保守性推測藍灰蝶起源於亞洲大陸並經由白令陸橋播遷至新世界'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E2F5FtrGJB0/TktUTP3qEzI/AAAAAAAAOc0/FmkjV27cct4/s72-c/F3.large.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-6819639149474809735</id><published>2011-08-14T21:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-08-15T05:36:16.078-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rhopalocera'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Palaearctic region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hostplant utilization'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Phylogenetics'/><title type='text'>使用四個核基因與兩個粒線體DNA序列重建藍灰蝶節親緣關係時發現大藍灰蝶(Maculinea)的單系性的確因雀斑灰蝶(Phengaris)的插入而不復存在, 而稀有的碇灰蝶(Caeruelea)則為其姐妹群</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KqIGdU2R5PU/TkkSntyV7MI/AAAAAAAAOak/_V7gxYh7nQc/s1600/0.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 281px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KqIGdU2R5PU/TkkSntyV7MI/AAAAAAAAOak/_V7gxYh7nQc/s400/0.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5641060481773202626" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;文獻來源: Ugelvig LV, Vila R, Pierce NE, Nash DR. 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt; A phylogenetic revision of the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic; font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt; Glaucopsyche&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt; section (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), with special focus on the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic; font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Phengaris–Maculinea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt; clade. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic; font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt; 61&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;(1): 237-243.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: justify; font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite much research on the socially parasitic large blue butterflies (genus Maculinea) in the past 40 years, their relationship to their closest relatives, Phengaris, is controversial and the relationships among the remaining genera in the Glaucopsyche section are largely unresolved. The evolutionary history of this butterfly section is particularly important to understand the evolution of life history diversity connected to food-plant and host-ant associations in the larval stage. In the present study, we use a combination of four nuclear and two mitochondrial genes to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Glaucopsyche section, and in particular, to study the relationships among and within the Phengaris–Maculinea species.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;We find a clear pattern between the clades recovered in the Glaucopsyche section phylogeny and their food-plant associations, with only the Phengaris–Maculinea clade utilising more than one plant family. Maculinea is, for the first time, recovered with strong support as a monophyletic group nested within Phengaris, with the closest relative being the rare genus Caerulea. The genus Glaucopsyche is polyphyletic, including the genera Sinia and Iolana. Interestingly, we find evidence for additional potential cryptic species within the highly endangered Maculinea, which has long been suspected from morphological, ecological and molecular studies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-6819639149474809735?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/6819639149474809735/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=6819639149474809735' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6819639149474809735'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6819639149474809735'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/08/dnamaculineaphengaris-caeruelea.html' title='使用四個核基因與兩個粒線體DNA序列重建藍灰蝶節親緣關係時發現大藍灰蝶(Maculinea)的單系性的確因雀斑灰蝶(Phengaris)的插入而不復存在, 而稀有的碇灰蝶(Caeruelea)則為其姐妹群'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KqIGdU2R5PU/TkkSntyV7MI/AAAAAAAAOak/_V7gxYh7nQc/s72-c/0.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-7473938544531196512</id><published>2011-08-01T23:09:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-08-01T23:58:35.152-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Molecular systematics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sphingidae'/><title type='text'>即始一個分類群的生命條碼庫尚未被完全建置, 若一個樣本的屬級歸屬可以被確認, 那麼使用COI序列仍然可將其放置到正確的高階分類群中</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wnX9PLVum6A/TjeU_1bK_pI/AAAAAAAANhQ/oCejSKF_yns/s1600/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 305px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wnX9PLVum6A/TjeU_1bK_pI/AAAAAAAANhQ/oCejSKF_yns/s400/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5636137283071180434" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Wilson JJ, Rougerie R, Schonfeld J, Janzen DH, Hallwachs W, Hajibabaei M, Kitching IJ, Haxaire J, Hebert PDN. 2011.&lt;/span&gt; When species matches are unavailable are DNA barcodes correctly assigned to higher taxa? An assessment using sphingid moths. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;BMC Ecology &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;11:&lt;/span&gt; 18 &lt;a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6785/11/18/abstract"&gt;doi:10.1186/1472-6785-11-18.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Background&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;When a specimen belongs to a species not yet represented in DNA barcode reference libraries there is disagreement over the effectiveness of using sequence comparisons to assign the query accurately to a higher taxon. Library completeness and the assignment criteria used have been proposed as critical factors affecting the accuracy of such assignments but have not been thoroughly investigated. We explored the accuracy of assignments to genus, tribe and subfamily in the Sphingidae, using the almost complete global DNA barcode reference library (1095 species) available for this family. Costa Rican sphingids (118 species), a well-documented, diverse subset of the family, with each of the tribes and subfamilies represented were used as queries. We simulated libraries with different levels of completeness (10-100% of the available species), and recorded assignments (positive or ambiguous) and their accuracy (true or false) under six criteria.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Re&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;sults&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;A liberal tree-based criterion assigned 83% of queries accurately to genus, 74% to tribe and 90% to subfamily, compared to a strict tree-based criterion, which assigned 75% of queries accurately to genus, 66% to tribe and 84% to subfamily, with a library containing 100% of available species (but excluding the species of the query). The greater number of true positives delivered by more relaxed criteria was negatively balanced by the occurrence of more false positives. This effect was most sharply observed with libraries of the lowest completeness where, for example at the genus level, 32% of assignments were false positives with the liberal criterion versus &amp;lt;1% when using the strict. We observed little difference (&amp;lt;8% using the liberal criterion) however, in the overall accuracy of the assignments between the lowest and highest levels of library completeness at the tribe and subfamily level.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Conclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;Our results suggest that when using a strict tree-based criterion for higher taxon assignment with DNA barcodes, the likelihood of assigning a query a genus name incorrectly is very low, if a genus name is provided it has a high likelihood of being accurate, and if no genus match is available the query can nevertheless be assigned to a subfamily with high accuracy regardless of library completeness. DNA barcoding often correctly assigned sphingid moths to higher taxa when species matches were unavailable, suggesting that barcode reference libraries can be useful for higher taxon assignments long before they achieve complete species coverage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-7473938544531196512?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/7473938544531196512/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=7473938544531196512' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/7473938544531196512'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/7473938544531196512'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/08/coi.html' title='即始一個分類群的生命條碼庫尚未被完全建置, 若一個樣本的屬級歸屬可以被確認, 那麼使用COI序列仍然可將其放置到正確的高階分類群中'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wnX9PLVum6A/TjeU_1bK_pI/AAAAAAAANhQ/oCejSKF_yns/s72-c/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-6476037639967564051</id><published>2011-07-25T02:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-07-25T06:27:21.065-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lasiocampidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Behavioural ecology'/><title type='text'>社會性毛蟲倒底要由誰揪團去那吃東西並非因為角色的分化, 而是因為帶頭的蟲肚子餓了</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.pestproducts.com/images/forest-tent-caterpillar-line.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 648px; height: 247px; " src="http://www.pestproducts.com/images/forest-tent-caterpillar-line.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源:McClure M, Ralph M &amp;amp; Despland E (2011) &lt;/span&gt;Group leadership depends on energetic state in a nomadic collective foraging caterpillar. &lt;i&gt;Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;65:&lt;/b&gt;1573-1579.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;社會性動物之集體行動可以為多數個體帶來利益，但誰要冒著較大的風險領隊出發？誰要決定對的出發時機和移動方向？在某些動物中這些決策是由團隊共同決定，有些則是由部分或單一個體來決定的。此篇研究探討在&lt;i&gt;Malacosoma disstria&lt;/i&gt;枯葉蛾幼蟲的集體掠食行為中，是由哪隻幼蟲佔據領導位置率先出發。研究分成兩個實驗，一是探討是否有些幼蟲特別容易產生這種領導掠食行為，另一則是控制幼蟲的能量攝取，看幼蟲的飢餓程度是否與領導掠食行為有關。實驗結果顯示，在相同的食物控制下，幼蟲的齡期、重量及性別皆與領導掠食行為無顯著關係，顯示此實驗中所有幼蟲之領導傾向沒有顯著差異；另一方面，在有能量(食草)控制的情況下，能量儲存量較低(較飢餓)的幼蟲有較高的傾向領導團隊展開掠食活動，且具有飢餓幼蟲之團隊會越快決定出發，但實豪儦F食物的時間則會視團隊中所有個體之飢餓程度而定，一團隊中若具有較多飢餓之個體，其集體行動之凝結力會降低，反而減&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;緩到達目的地之速度。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;Group living is a common strategy among animals and has arisen independently in over 300 species of Lepidoptera. Yet, activity synchrony between individuals is necessary to derive the benefits that ensue from an aggregated lifestyle. Which individuals decide which activities to perform and when to perform them is, therefore, a fundamental question. In some species of social caterpillars and sawflies, the role of a potential behavioral polyethism between individuals has been suggested, whereby certain individuals are consistently more likely to initiate and lead a foraging event. However, in these cases, evidence in support of division of labor is lacking. This study was undertaken to determine if certain individuals of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;Malacosoma disstria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt; are more likely to be consistent group leaders or if transient leaders could be predicted by the differences in energetic states between individuals. The results of this study indicate that unfed caterpillars initiate foraging bouts and are more likely to lead locomotion. There was no size or sex-based bias in those individuals that acted as temporary leaders. Consistent behavioral differences between individuals, if they exist, are therefore not necessary to explain task allocation and synchronization during foraging in this species.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-6476037639967564051?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/6476037639967564051/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=6476037639967564051' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6476037639967564051'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6476037639967564051'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_25.html' title='社會性毛蟲倒底要由誰揪團去那吃東西並非因為角色的分化, 而是因為帶頭的蟲肚子餓了'/><author><name>Lori</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08779387322568568142</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-4034293341123294386</id><published>2011-07-24T18:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-07-25T02:21:23.537-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><title type='text'>婆羅洲蛾類誌最終回 - 榕蛾科, 帶翅蛾科, 斑蛾科與全系列包含物種之註釋名錄</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Xpryzz9JBxg/Ti0sqKnMFJI/AAAAAAAANUs/GuIJ-wafDSU/s1600/ma.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 272px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Xpryzz9JBxg/Ti0sqKnMFJI/AAAAAAAANUs/GuIJ-wafDSU/s400/ma.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633207811825210514" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: Holloway, J.D. 2011. &lt;/span&gt;The Moths of Borneo: Families Phaudidae, Himantopteridae and Zygaenidae; revised and annotated checklist. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Malayan Nature Journal&lt;/span&gt; 2011,&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; 63&lt;/span&gt;(1-2): 1-548.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;婆羅洲蛾類誌自1988年發表第一部燈蛾與擬燈蛾部份後, 到現在已經有18冊出版, 而這一冊也是整個系列的最後一本(聽起來真像哈利波特最後一集). 這個系列在過去出版的17冊中描述了婆羅洲與整個廣義的馬來亞區系的"大蛾類群"&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;(註一)&lt;/span&gt;, 只留下斑蛾總科的榕蛾科, 帶翅蛾科與斑蛾科這三個標本量稀少的類群尚未被搞定. 事實上Holloway自從1976年左右就已經開始針對Kinabalu山區的蛾類, 包含斑蛾科昆蟲進行分類學研究, 但是當時他尚未對整個馬來亞區的所有物種進行普查. 此外在這個厚達548頁的單行本中, 他也將過去所有冊數中所包含的物種的名錄, 以及這近23年來所有物種分類地位的變革加以整理, 使得這一冊的價值更為重要.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在斑蛾科的部份, Holloway進行以下的分類處理:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;Cleoda屬二新種: 分別為Cleoda postvitrea以及C. flavipicta. 其中flavipicta在我2005年的論文中被視為Cleoda syntomoides的雄蟲.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;Heteropan屬二新種: Heteropan leesi與H. hantu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;Agalope屬新亞種: Agalope glacialis postfasciata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;Trypanophora屬一新種: Trypanophora potens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;Psaphis屬一新種Psaphis endoi以及Psaphis resumpta的復活使用&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;Boradiopsis屬兩新種B. harmani與B. cheyi以及一新組合Boradiopsis bipartita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;在全系列回顧方面, Holloway採用2011年即將在Zootaxa發表的全新鱗翅目科級分類系統重新整理過去所有涵括物種的分類現況. 而這高達4630個物種的分類變更則將分別介紹.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;此外有關馬來西亞自然學會未來是否會繼續出版蛾類專書一事, 目前尚沒有聽到確實的消息, 不過自三年前起該學會已經與德國柏林自然史博物館的學者接洽處理螟蛾總科的專書, 若該書確實已達策畫與執行的階段則是非常令人期待的.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;註一: &lt;/span&gt;所謂的"大蛾"(macromoths)其實只是一個不正式的名詞, 用以描述一般人認為"比較大隻的蛾", 但這個名詞在科學上是沒有意義的.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-4034293341123294386?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/4034293341123294386/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=4034293341123294386' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4034293341123294386'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4034293341123294386'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_24.html' title='婆羅洲蛾類誌最終回 - 榕蛾科, 帶翅蛾科, 斑蛾科與全系列包含物種之註釋名錄'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Xpryzz9JBxg/Ti0sqKnMFJI/AAAAAAAANUs/GuIJ-wafDSU/s72-c/ma.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-4977170488711799550</id><published>2011-07-19T09:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-07-21T01:31:27.701-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='herbarium'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Invasive species'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Molecular detection'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Biogeography'/><title type='text'>利用植物標本館檔案及老DNA片段追蹤歐洲入侵性植食者- 七葉樹潛蛾的入侵起源</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-i0n7cJgXAWQ/TiWrnBakaVI/AAAAAAAABCA/67lHclXnqnQ/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-07-20%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258812.03.22.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 301px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-i0n7cJgXAWQ/TiWrnBakaVI/AAAAAAAABCA/67lHclXnqnQ/s400/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-07-20%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258812.03.22.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5631095595979794770" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XkiXiV4TcEs/TiWrduPD4FI/AAAAAAAABB4/Kl6dUeiC_jo/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-07-20%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258812.02.49.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 384px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XkiXiV4TcEs/TiWrduPD4FI/AAAAAAAABB4/Kl6dUeiC_jo/s400/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-07-20%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258812.02.49.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5631095436212428882" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style=" color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;資料來源: DC Lees, HW Lack, R Rougerie, A Hernandez-Lopez, T Raus, ND Avtzis, S Augustin &amp;amp; Lopez-Vaamonde. 2011.&lt;/span&gt; Tracking origins of invasive herbivores through herbaria and archival DNA: the case of the horse-chestnut leaf miner. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment &lt;/span&gt;doi:10.1890/100098&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;七葉樹潛蛾（&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Cameraria ohridella&lt;/span&gt;）1986年首度在歐洲被描述之後，在歐洲成為一個擴散路徑和起源地具有爭議性的入侵物種，2009年8月在本部落格曾介紹過下列文章: &lt;a href="http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2009/08/dna.html"&gt;粒線體與微衛星體DNA標記顯示具高入侵性的七葉樹潛蛾起源自巴爾幹半島&lt;/a&gt;，該文章報導此種潛蛾的COI單體型‭ (‬haplotype‭)‬（不計入觀賞用樹木上者）多為特有型或是侷限分布，唯有單體型A是廣泛優勢的，不僅遍佈全歐洲而且在巴爾幹半島殘餘的七葉樹族群分布地點上也能找到此型。故「此種潛蛾為何是在最近40年才從巴爾幹半島擴張出去？又是如何擴散到其它地方？」仍然未清楚，而單體型A為何會在擴及歐洲各地的七葉樹潛蛾COI遺傳組成中占優勢則成為本研究想要探討的問題，作者提出兩個假說‭ ‬H0‭:‬‭ ‬單體型A在歷史空間上原本就是廣布，且在自然組群中占優勢，因此就有較高的機率隨著景觀植物的種植被散播出去，H1‭: ‬過去的歷史中單體型A和其他單體型一樣稀少而且局限分布在巴爾幹半島，直到晚近才變得具有入侵性，甚至入侵到殘存的天然七葉樹族群中。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2011年6月此研究團隊利用植物標本館內寄主植物的館藏獲得這些潛蛾的歷史分布資料，‭ ‬最早可追溯自1879年採集自希臘中部的天然族群之標本，‭ ‬可作為推測此蛾擴散年代之參考，也由於歷史標本的各野生採集地非常難以到達，作者認為現代道路系統的發展是促成潛蛾擴散的原因，因為快速的汽車交通能在無意中將落葉中的幼蟲和渡冬蛹運送到另外一的個地點。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;從標本檔案的葉片內留存的幼蟲或蛹的乾燥樣本可用統計受感染趨勢，甚至從這些樣本中擴增出短片段的核DNA與粒線體DNA作為遺傳單體型分析以族群遺傳學方式判斷擴散起源，這些檔案序列不僅確認了C‭.‬‭ ‬ohridella的身分更把其在歐洲的歷史回溯至少100年，雖然作者的結果無法充分的排除H0但是較支持他的‭ ‬H１，即單型體Ａ是在1970年間道路系統發展後才擴散到其它地區的。本文強調植物標本館的重要性長期受到忽略，本研究的結果顯示研究入侵物種的擴散歷史和原因時，少數的植物標本館是唯一能追蹤過去空間歷史的僅存資訊，並能提供優質的資源得到接近真實的推測，提供入侵種管理策略之參考。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Determining the native geographic range or origin of alien invasive species is crucial to developing invasive species management strategies. However, the necessary historical dimension is often lacking. The origin of the highly invasive horse-chestnut leaf-mining moth Cameraria ohridella has been controversial since the insect was first described in 1986 in Europe. Here, we reveal that herbarium collections across Europe indicate a Balkan origin for C ohridella. We successfully amplified nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA barcode fragments from larvae pressed within leaves of herbarium samples collected as early as 1879. These archival sequences confirm an identity of C ohridella and set back its history in Europe by more than a century. The herbarium samples uncovered previously unknown mitochondrial haplotypes and locally undocumented alleles, showing local outbreaks of C ohridella back to at least 1961 and dynamic frequency changes that may be associated with road development. This case history demonstrates that herbaria are greatly underutilized in studies of insect–plant interactions, herbivore biodiversity, and invasive species’ origins.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;更多相關資訊&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;doi:10.1890/100098 – zum Artikel (Full text available via &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/"&gt;http://dx.doi.org&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bgbm.org/bgbm/pr/Archiv/pressimages/press_images.HTM#Miniermotte"&gt;www.bgbm.org/bgbm/pr/Archiv/pressimages/press_images.HTM#Miniermotte&lt;/a&gt; – for press photos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://eolspecies.lifedesks.org/pages/8675"&gt;http://eolspecies.lifedesks.org/pages/8675&lt;/a&gt; – about the horse-chestnut leaf miner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-4977170488711799550?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/4977170488711799550/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=4977170488711799550' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4977170488711799550'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4977170488711799550'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/07/dna.html' title='利用植物標本館檔案及老DNA片段追蹤歐洲入侵性植食者- 七葉樹潛蛾的入侵起源'/><author><name>Enya</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06600932204106461234</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-i0n7cJgXAWQ/TiWrnBakaVI/AAAAAAAABCA/67lHclXnqnQ/s72-c/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-07-20%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258812.03.22.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-6279374882085860133</id><published>2011-07-05T18:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-07-05T18:33:45.971-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Noctuoidea'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Noctuidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><title type='text'>中國產蕊翅(裳)夜蛾亞科檢討</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hr4rzqq2q_s/ThO06GEKfRI/AAAAAAAAA4Y/xBpiagSfic4/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-07-05%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25883.36.38.png" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 318px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hr4rzqq2q_s/ThO06GEKfRI/AAAAAAAAA4Y/xBpiagSfic4/s400/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-07-05%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25883.36.38.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5626039269669371154" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#9999FF;"&gt;文獻來源&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#9999FF;"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; Qi, F., K. Wang, D. Xue, D. Yang. 2011. A taxonomic revision of the Stictopterinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Noctuidae) in China. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Zootaxa &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;2926: 1-45. [&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt02926p045.pdf"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;PDF&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.0px Helvetica; min-height: 11.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#9999FF;"&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;蕊翅(裳)夜蛾亞科為一主要分布於熱帶、亞熱帶之廣義夜蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(Noctuidae sensu lato)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;或是裳蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(Erebidae)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;下分類群，目前已描述有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;屬約&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;台灣產&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;屬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;。本研究進行了中國產此亞科之回顧、5新種描述、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;屬與&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;種之新紀錄以及過去文獻之鑑定修訂。此亞科於中國分布之物種中，除了新描述之5新種之外其餘皆亦分布於鄰近地區&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;國家，且於中國境內主要分布於南方省會&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;海南、廣西與雲南等&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.0px Helvetica; min-height: 11.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#9999FF;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;The Stictopterinae from China are revised. Seven genera and forty species are reported from China. Five new species (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Lophoptera hamata &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;sp. nov.,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Lophoptera solealis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Lophoptera acutiprocessa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;sp. nov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;., &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Lophoptera purpurfera &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Lophoptera trigonoprocessa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;) are described. One genus and ten species are recorded from China for the first time. Nine misidentifications in Chen (1982b, 1991, 1999) are revised. The male genitalia of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Lophoptera obliquilinea &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Prout, 1928 are described for the frist time. Descriptions for the subfamily, all genera, and new species in China are provided, as are keys to genera and species, diagnoses for all species, and illustrations of adults and genitalia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Key words: Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Noctuidae, Stictopterinae, taxonomy, new species&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-6279374882085860133?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/6279374882085860133/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=6279374882085860133' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6279374882085860133'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6279374882085860133'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_05.html' title='中國產蕊翅(裳)夜蛾亞科檢討'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hr4rzqq2q_s/ThO06GEKfRI/AAAAAAAAA4Y/xBpiagSfic4/s72-c/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-07-05%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25883.36.38.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-6932648337848893499</id><published>2011-07-02T00:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-07-04T06:07:05.028-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geometroidea'/><title type='text'>台灣產截角尺蛾的分類檢討與鄰近地區同屬物種之分類註解</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gpb22JHuv58/Tg7NPkHxu-I/AAAAAAAAM1o/el5ApdQpl6U/s1600/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 373px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gpb22JHuv58/Tg7NPkHxu-I/AAAAAAAAM1o/el5ApdQpl6U/s400/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5624658651910355938" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wRoL6hBaox4/Tg7NLswM-nI/AAAAAAAAM1g/gJ7d0cbPI2A/s1600/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B3.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 328px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wRoL6hBaox4/Tg7NLswM-nI/AAAAAAAAM1g/gJ7d0cbPI2A/s400/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5624658585507920498" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: Sato R, Stuning D, Fu C-M. 2011.&lt;/span&gt; Review of the Taiwanese species of the genus &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Xerodes&lt;/span&gt; (Guenée, [1858]) (Geometridae, Ennominae), with taxonomic notes on the congeners from adjacent areas.&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; Tinea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; 21&lt;/span&gt;(4): 219-237.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Xerodes&lt;/span&gt;屬為Guenée根據婆羅洲產的&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;ypsaria&lt;/span&gt; Guenée, [1858]所建立. Holloway則在1994年時將&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Xerodes&lt;/span&gt;的範圍延伸涵蓋舊北區的&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Zethenia&lt;/span&gt; Motschulsky, [1861]. 在台灣產物種方面, 除了各別物種的原始發表記錄外, 張保信於1990年出版的台灣蛾類圖說記載了&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;X. contiguaria&lt;/span&gt;與&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;aritai albonotaria &lt;/span&gt;(但其&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;albonotaria&lt;/span&gt;之圖片為&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;crenulata&lt;/span&gt;之誤植). 王效岳的認識台灣昆蟲系列亦圖示了&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;contiguaria&lt;/span&gt;與&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;crenulata&lt;/span&gt;, 但他並沒有提到&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;crenulata&lt;/span&gt;. 然而王書中所圖示的一隻採自水社寮的標本其實是破損的obscura. 傅建明與左漢榮老師於2002年發行的鞍馬山的蛾第一卷中記載了&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;X. contiguaria&lt;/span&gt; (Leech, 1897)與&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;X. crenulata&lt;/span&gt; (Wileman, 1915). 之後傅建明與徐渙之在2009年所出版的&lt;a href="http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2009/08/moths-of-green-island.html"&gt;綠島的蛾&lt;/a&gt;一書中根據綠島與蘭嶼產標本首次記載了&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;X. sordidata&lt;/span&gt; (Inoue, 1987)(&lt;a href="http://taibnet.sinica.edu.tw/chi/taibnet_species_detail.php?name_code=413131"&gt;TaibNET記錄&lt;/a&gt;). 此文作者之一的Rikio Sato(佐藤力夫)在解剖所謂的"台灣產&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;contiguaria&lt;/span&gt;"時發現可能有另一個種混雜其中, 此外在波昂動物學博物館(ZFMK)中所發現的數個在鑑定上有疑義的標本也促成佐藤, Stuning與傅建明老師合作將這個屬的分類議題加以釐清. 根據此研究的結果, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;台灣有&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Xerodes&lt;/span&gt;屬物種. 分別為&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt;Xerodes albonotaria aritai &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt;(Inoue, 1971): &lt;/span&gt;分布日本南西諸島, 台灣與華南(Yazaki與王敏於2003年採自廣東南嶺的&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Xerodes didyma&lt;/span&gt;為此種之誤判)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt;Xerodes crenulata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt; (Wileman, 1915): &lt;/span&gt;為台灣特有種. 其近緣種X. inaccepta (Prout, 1910)分布於中國, 然ZFMK所存標本中卻有一隻採自台灣阿里山的inaccepta, 但被此文作者認為可能是標籤的錯誤. 但他們也沒有排除inaccepta產於台灣的可能性&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt;Xerodes contiguaria &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt;(Leech, 1897):&lt;/span&gt; 產於台灣, 華南, 華東與華西&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt;Xerodes obscura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt; (&lt;a href="http://biostor.org/reference/60646"&gt;Warren, 1899&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/span&gt; 產於台灣(蘭嶼, 綠島)與華南與華東 (好奇怪的分布型), 綠島的蛾中所記載的&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Xerodes&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;sordidata&lt;/span&gt;為本種之誤訂 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-6932648337848893499?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/6932648337848893499/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=6932648337848893499' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6932648337848893499'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6932648337848893499'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_02.html' title='台灣產截角尺蛾的分類檢討與鄰近地區同屬物種之分類註解'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gpb22JHuv58/Tg7NPkHxu-I/AAAAAAAAM1o/el5ApdQpl6U/s72-c/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-8770340337587950205</id><published>2011-07-01T21:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-07-01T22:04:36.838-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Booklet or Leaflet'/><title type='text'>認識台灣的大蛾家族解說折頁</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lc2zc-8mYdY/Tg6l8bZuNkI/AAAAAAAAM1Y/014gPaBoyqc/s1600/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 230px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lc2zc-8mYdY/Tg6l8bZuNkI/AAAAAAAAM1Y/014gPaBoyqc/s400/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5624615442198705730" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;特有生物研究保育中心於2011年5月出版的解說折頁, 非常有趣, 不過這邊我的職業病犯了, 要指出三個錯誤, 標題"認識台灣的大蛾家族"的英文錯了, 改成"Macromoth families of Taiwan"或"Guide to knowing macromoths of Taiwan"其實就可以了, 不需要也不應該以中文邏輯逐字翻譯, 更何況moth一字也未以複數形式顯示. 第二個錯誤是姬尺蛾亞科應該是Sterrhinae而不是Sterrbinae. Microniinae應稱微點燕蛾亞科, 而不是微燕蛾亞科.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-8770340337587950205?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/8770340337587950205/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=8770340337587950205' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8770340337587950205'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8770340337587950205'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post.html' title='認識台灣的大蛾家族解說折頁'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lc2zc-8mYdY/Tg6l8bZuNkI/AAAAAAAAM1Y/014gPaBoyqc/s72-c/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-5112433710037743092</id><published>2011-06-27T02:10:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-27T02:16:29.703-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Journal information'/><title type='text'>日本鱗翅學會期刊改名成為Lepidoptera Science</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-95g9-2henBc/TghJuGICY2I/AAAAAAAAMw8/qrhTweYSl2Q/s1600/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 308px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-95g9-2henBc/TghJuGICY2I/AAAAAAAAMw8/qrhTweYSl2Q/s400/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5622825191039198050" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;日本鱗翅學會科學期刊Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan (一般通稱為Tyo to Ga)自2011年5月17日起發行的62卷第1期正式改名成為Lepidoptera Science, 版面由原來的B5大小改為A4大小. 該學會之官方網頁&lt;a href="http://lepi-jp.org/"&gt;在此&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-5112433710037743092?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/5112433710037743092/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=5112433710037743092' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5112433710037743092'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5112433710037743092'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/06/lepidoptera-science.html' title='日本鱗翅學會期刊改名成為Lepidoptera Science'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-95g9-2henBc/TghJuGICY2I/AAAAAAAAMw8/qrhTweYSl2Q/s72-c/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-5560169768519184909</id><published>2011-06-06T23:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-07T09:45:33.154-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Biodiversity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Indo-Australasian region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Neotropical region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Biogeography'/><title type='text'>以標準化流程進行不同地理區的熱帶雨林蝶類多樣性比較</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hphzmTpDGMY/Te3BRQ_v2uI/AAAAAAAAA_Q/tnYupE9hl5M/s1600/Tro_Lep_2.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 236px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hphzmTpDGMY/Te3BRQ_v2uI/AAAAAAAAA_Q/tnYupE9hl5M/s400/Tro_Lep_2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615356812765158114" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jdh1hKLY7s4/Te3BE-LK4YI/AAAAAAAAA_I/Chqf713xLIU/s1600/C__Documents%2Band%2BSettings_user_Local%2BSettings_Application%2BData_Mozilla_Firefox_Profiles_83yqfkzo.bmp" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 350px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jdh1hKLY7s4/Te3BE-LK4YI/AAAAAAAAA_I/Chqf713xLIU/s400/C__Documents%2Band%2BSettings_user_Local%2BSettings_Application%2BData_Mozilla_Firefox_Profiles_83yqfkzo.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615356601554362754" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Y Basset, R Eastwood, L Sam, DJ Lohman, V Novotny, T Treuer, SE Miller, GD Weiblen, NE Pierce, S Bunyavejchewin, W Sakchoowong, P Kongnoo and MA Osorio-Arenas. 2011. &lt;/span&gt;Comparison of rainforest butterfly assemblages across three biogeographical regions using standardized protocols. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;44&lt;/span&gt;: 17-2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p  style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 153, 255);font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;摘要&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;與大多數其他生物一樣，昆蟲的多樣性在熱帶區域較溫帶區域為高，然而熱帶各區域之間的標準化比較研究相當稀少。要解開影響群聚多樣性的生態，演化與生物地理因子需要標準化的作業流程和長期研究。作者在低地雨林鬱閉樹冠的底層以&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Pollard walk&lt;/span&gt;穿越線計數法比較巴拿馬的巴羅科羅拉多島&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;(BCI)&lt;/span&gt;，泰國的拷秋&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;(KHC)&lt;/span&gt;與新幾內亞的瓦那&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;(WAN)&lt;/span&gt;共三個地點的蝴蝶豐富度和多樣性。作者在上述三地分別以&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;1、&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;231&lt;/span&gt;、&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;120&lt;/span&gt;次穿越線調查，觀察到&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;179&lt;/span&gt;2、&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; 2797&lt;/span&gt;、&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; 3331&lt;/span&gt;隻蝴蝶個體，各有&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;8、&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; 131&lt;/span&gt;、&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;134&lt;/span&gt;個物種。分別對穿越線長度和調查時間長度進行數據校正後，結果顯示蝴蝶數量與物種豐富度分別在&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;WAN&lt;/span&gt;和&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;KHC&lt;/span&gt;最高。雖然在&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;WAN&lt;/span&gt;的蝴蝶豐富度看來似乎並非由於人工方法所造成，此觀察的生物學上意義仍然是模糊的。&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;WAN&lt;/span&gt;地區的植物多樣性與&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;KHC&lt;/span&gt;相當，但是所擁有的蝴蝶霧種多樣性卻較&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;KHC&lt;/span&gt;低。此現象強調了在植物多樣性之外的因素，例如生物地理歷史，對於解釋造成蝶類多樣性的成因的重要性。&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;KHC&lt;/span&gt;特別多樣的蝴蝶相可能是由於其地理位置位在印度中國區和巽它大陸區的交會點。相反的，&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;WAN&lt;/span&gt;則穩固位在澳洲地理區，且其較低的物種多樣性可能導因自島嶼生物地理過程。這三個地點的常見物種皆有幾個特色：食果和食蜜者平均出現，超過一半的常見種幼蟲時期取食附生植物或藤蔓類，且他們的翅長近似。由這些觀察推測，&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; Pollard walk&lt;/span&gt;穿越線計數法在不同的熱帶雨林樣區指出了常見種的相似集合，並且是一個熱帶雨林蝴蝶組成長期監測的有用工具。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt; Insects, like most other organisms, are  more diverse in tropical than in temperate regions, but standardized  comparisons of diversity among tropical regions are rare. Disentangling  the effects of       ecological, evolutionary, and biogeographic factors on community  diversity requires standardized protocols       and long-term studies. We compared the abundance and diversity of  butterflies using standardised ‘Pollard       walk’ transect counts in the understory of closed-canopy lowland  rainforests in Panama (Barro Colorado       Island, BCI), Thailand (Khao Chong, KHC) and Papua New Guinea  (Wanang, WAN). We observed 1792,       1797 and 3331 butterflies representing 128, 131 and 134 species  during 230, 231 and 120 transects at BCI,       KHC and WAN, respectively. When corrected for length and duration  of transects, butterfly abundance       and species richness were highest at WAN and KHC, respectively.  Although high butterfly abundance at       WAN did not appear to result from methodological artefacts, the  biological meaning of this observation       remains obscure. The WAN site appeared as floristically diverse as  KHC, but supported lower butterfly       diversity. This emphasizes that factors other than plant  diversity, such as biogeographic history, may be       crucial for explaining butterfly diversity. The KHC butterfly  fauna may be unusually species rich because       the site is at a biogeographic crossroads between the Indochinese  and Sundaland regions. In contrast, WAN is firmly within the Australian biogeographic region and relatively low species numbers may result from       island biogeographic processes. The common species at each of the three sites shared several traits: fruit       and nectar feeders were equally represented, more than half of common species fed on either epiphytes       or lianas as larvae, and their range in wing sizes was similar. These observations suggest that Pollard walks       in different tropical rainforests target similar assemblages of common species, and, hence, represent a       useful tool for long-term monitoring of rainforest butterfly assemblages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;       &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;       &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords&lt;/strong&gt;: Barro Colorado Island, Center for Tropical Forest Science, Lepidoptera, tropical rainforest,       Panama, Papua New Guinea, Pollard walks, Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatories, Thailand.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;       &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Received:&lt;/strong&gt; 22 December 2010&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Accepted:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;       &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; 24 January 2011&lt;br /&gt; Published online at &lt;em&gt;www.lepidopteraresearchfoundation.org&lt;/em&gt; on 4 May 2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-5560169768519184909?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/5560169768519184909/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=5560169768519184909' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5560169768519184909'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5560169768519184909'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/06/blog-post.html' title='以標準化流程進行不同地理區的熱帶雨林蝶類多樣性比較'/><author><name>Enya</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06600932204106461234</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hphzmTpDGMY/Te3BRQ_v2uI/AAAAAAAAA_Q/tnYupE9hl5M/s72-c/Tro_Lep_2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-8393436833205374037</id><published>2011-05-14T23:34:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-26T06:28:54.123-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Host-parasitoid interaction'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Molecular detection'/><title type='text'>以分子技術探測昆蟲與其擬寄生者間複雜的食物網連結</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NuFgifSBrT8/Tc90lo_b_mI/AAAAAAAAA-o/nOPLjTB6GVw/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-05-15%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25882.35.52.png"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 130px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NuFgifSBrT8/Tc90lo_b_mI/AAAAAAAAA-o/nOPLjTB6GVw/s400/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-05-15%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25882.35.52.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5606828251107032674" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Dmg2kM2eHns/Tc90NuZqMQI/AAAAAAAAA-Y/JrIHdPBrzP8/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-05-15%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25882.31.02.png"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 283px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Dmg2kM2eHns/Tc90NuZqMQI/AAAAAAAAA-Y/JrIHdPBrzP8/s400/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-05-15%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25882.31.02.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5606827840242331906" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;文獻出處：J HRCEK,SE MILLER, DLJ QUICKE &amp;amp; MA SMITH. 2011. Molecular detection of trophic links in a complex insect host–parasitoid food web. Molecular Ecology Resources.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03016.x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;摘要&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;過去要揭露昆蟲宿主和其擬寄生物間的關係幾乎只能透過耗時的飼養，而分子方法則只有將對種專一的引子(primers)用在單純的農業害蟲與其擬寄生者系統上。本文報告一種藉由分子偵測巴布亞新幾內亞熱帶雨林內複雜"幼蟲-擬寄生者"食物網的普遍方式。作者對宿主、擬寄生者以及他們的組織殘餘物進行DNA條碼定序，再和當地物種龐大的資料庫進行比對。作者能比對出87% 的宿主序列和36%的擬寄生者序列到物種階層，而其餘則幾乎全部都能判斷到亞科或科的程度。作者運用宿主和擬寄生物雙方的DNA序列分析確認了93個迄今未發現的營養關係，由涉及鱗翅目廣泛科級的37個宿主物種和46個來自膜翅目和雙翅目的擬寄生者物種。由於以幼蟲時期的形態來鑑定宿主物種相單困難，幼蟲也會在飼育過程中死亡，而分子探測對此提供了相當實用的方法。作者甚至偵測到一個極為專一的擬寄生案例，該擬寄生者之宿主桑舞蛾屬(Choreutis)兩個物種在幼蟲形態與生態上沒有任何分別。藉由本研究介紹的方法能夠更加瞭解擬寄生物的宿主專一性，開啓快速調查食物網結構的新可能性，並且能探索尚未預測到的物種交互作用。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;Previously, host–parasitoid links have been unveiled almost exclusively by time-intensive rearing, while molecular methods were used only in simple agricultural host–parasitoid systems in the form of species-specific primers. Here, we present a general method for the molecular detection of these links applied to a complex caterpillar–parasitoid food web from tropical rainforest of Papua New Guinea. We DNA barcoded hosts, parasitoids and their tissue remnants and matched the sequences to our extensive library of local species. We were thus able to match 87% of host sequences and 36% of parasitoid sequences to species and infer subfamily or family in almost all cases. Our analysis affirmed 93 hitherto unknown trophic links between 37 host species from a wide range of Lepidoptera families and 46 parasitoid species from Hymenoptera and Diptera by identifying DNA sequences for both the host and the parasitoid involved in the interaction. Molecular detection proved especially useful in cases where distinguishing host species in caterpillar stage was difficult morphologically, or when the caterpillar died during rearing. We have even detected a case of extreme parasitoid specialization in a pair of Choreutis species that do not differ in caterpillar morphology and ecology. Using the molecular approach outlined here leads to better understanding of parasitoid host specificity, opens new possibilities for rapid surveys of food web structure and allows inference of species associations not already anticipated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;Keywords: cytochrome oxidase I, Diptera, Hymenoptera, immature stages, Lepidoptera, Papua New Guinea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-8393436833205374037?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/8393436833205374037/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=8393436833205374037' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8393436833205374037'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8393436833205374037'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/05/blog-post.html' title='以分子技術探測昆蟲與其擬寄生者間複雜的食物網連結'/><author><name>Enya</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06600932204106461234</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NuFgifSBrT8/Tc90lo_b_mI/AAAAAAAAA-o/nOPLjTB6GVw/s72-c/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-05-15%2B%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25882.35.52.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-6329456915074563257</id><published>2011-05-05T10:55:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-05T11:01:13.764-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='人物'/><title type='text'>法國鱗翅學者Pierre Viette於4/30辭世享年89歲</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.sciencebuff.org/content/images/Science_Hepialidae/Viette/PierreViette1972%28red%29.jpg"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 278px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NWBpKXkB_xU/TcLktjjpUZI/AAAAAAAAKyM/4BYNrmT5E3Y/s400/PierreViette1972%2528red%2529.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603292357692314002" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-845rf-W4cGk/TcLkw0Ry_KI/AAAAAAAAKyU/Xk36fmaPROc/s1600/faune-de-madagascar-3-front.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 266px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-845rf-W4cGk/TcLkw0Ry_KI/AAAAAAAAKyU/Xk36fmaPROc/s400/faune-de-madagascar-3-front.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603292413720460450" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;法國鱗翅學者Pierre Viette (1921-2011)於4/30辭世. Viette最著名的貢獻就是完成馬達加斯加動物誌的鱗翅目多數卷冊, 一生共發表約403篇鱗翅學論文. 由於Viette所接觸的材料多半為馬達加斯加, 中美洲等地區的稀有材料, 他的論文對於填補鱗翅目系統分類, 演化與親緣關係一向具有重要的地位. 有關Pierre Viette的部份生平可參考&lt;a href="http://www.sciencebuff.org/research/current-research-activities/john-grehan/ghost-moths/hepialidaebiologists/pierreviette/"&gt;美國水牛城科學博物館的介紹網頁&lt;/a&gt;, 部落格上所張貼的照片為1972年所拍攝.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-6329456915074563257?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/6329456915074563257/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=6329456915074563257' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6329456915074563257'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6329456915074563257'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/05/pierre-viette43089.html' title='法國鱗翅學者Pierre Viette於4/30辭世享年89歲'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NWBpKXkB_xU/TcLktjjpUZI/AAAAAAAAKyM/4BYNrmT5E3Y/s72-c/PierreViette1972%2528red%2529.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-6953182034444949546</id><published>2011-04-28T22:24:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-04-28T22:27:31.426-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='人物'/><title type='text'>夜蛾總科分類學者Michael Fibiger已於2月16日因癌症辭世</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-245eoNqrg8Q/TbpLisnLuXI/AAAAAAAAKu0/SO2mT4uxfLE/s1600/1831815.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 288px; height: 344px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-245eoNqrg8Q/TbpLisnLuXI/AAAAAAAAKu0/SO2mT4uxfLE/s400/1831815.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5600872146051774834" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;有關Michael Fibiger辭世之訊息請見&lt;a href="http://www.heterocera.hu/-en"&gt;匈牙利自然史博物館所發布的消息&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-6953182034444949546?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/6953182034444949546/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=6953182034444949546' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6953182034444949546'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6953182034444949546'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/04/michael-fibiger216.html' title='夜蛾總科分類學者Michael Fibiger已於2月16日因癌症辭世'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-245eoNqrg8Q/TbpLisnLuXI/AAAAAAAAKu0/SO2mT4uxfLE/s72-c/1831815.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-8379624529396411456</id><published>2011-04-24T07:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-04-24T07:31:16.915-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Journal information'/><title type='text'>[新期刊]Lepcey</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mYAcs28eEIY/TbQzjVl_ktI/AAAAAAAAKqk/8VyIdJh3FeA/s1600/banner.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 68px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mYAcs28eEIY/TbQzjVl_ktI/AAAAAAAAKqk/8VyIdJh3FeA/s400/banner.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5599156918913307346" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lepcey.butterfliesandmoths.net/"&gt;Lepcey&lt;/a&gt;為印度的&lt;a href="http://www.lepcey.butterfliesandmoths.net/habitats.html"&gt;Habitats Conservation Initiative&lt;/a&gt;所發行的一個新期刊, 此期刊的主要議題為熱帶亞洲的昆蟲生態, 保育與部份的經濟昆蟲學. 至2011年4月底止尚未出刊.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-8379624529396411456?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/8379624529396411456/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=8379624529396411456' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8379624529396411456'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8379624529396411456'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/04/lepcey.html' title='[新期刊]Lepcey'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mYAcs28eEIY/TbQzjVl_ktI/AAAAAAAAKqk/8VyIdJh3FeA/s72-c/banner.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-4328526627915749710</id><published>2011-04-23T22:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-04-23T22:56:07.008-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='New book'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rhopalocera'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Palaearctic region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Paleotropics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geometroidea'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pieridae'/><title type='text'>中國動物誌粉蝶科與尺蛾亞科出版</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1vboxSE5RLA/TbO6L0GWHFI/AAAAAAAAKqU/LUdYS3as4ek/s1600/Pie.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 288px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1vboxSE5RLA/TbO6L0GWHFI/AAAAAAAAKqU/LUdYS3as4ek/s400/Pie.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5599023473878244434" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FQxaWlTojA8/TbO5u-1eHhI/AAAAAAAAKqM/CE6Sxfd-qlc/s1600/Geo.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 291px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FQxaWlTojA8/TbO5u-1eHhI/AAAAAAAAKqM/CE6Sxfd-qlc/s400/Geo.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5599022978544049682" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[書名]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://tl.bookuu.com/kgsm/ts/big5/2010/12/03/1879042.shtml"&gt;中國動物誌, 昆蟲綱, 第52卷, 鱗翅目粉蝶科&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[作者] &lt;/span&gt;武春生&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[年代] &lt;/span&gt;2010年11月&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[出版] &lt;/span&gt;科學出版社&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[簡介] &lt;/span&gt;粉蝶科隸屬於鱗翅目、鳳蝶總科。本志通過解剖我國所有已知種的成蟲雌、雄外生殖器，以及對外生殖器結構、脈序和外部形態的比較研究，對國內已知的24屬 154種粉蝶進行了全面訂正和系統總結，糾正了一些錯誤鑒定，澄清了一些分類疑點，提升和合併了一些種類。本書備有蝶類分科檢索表，粉蝶科分亞科、分族、分屬檢索表以及各屬的分種檢索表；每種都有完備的引證、別名、形態描述(含雌、雄外生殖器，並盡量包括幼期形態)、分佈、生物學及寄主植物；附有各屬的脈序圖、支序圖、雌雄外生殖器解剖圖、形態特徵等插圖174幅，成蟲彩色照片16版300多幅。在總論部分對粉蝶科的研究簡史、分類系統的演變、分類地位、形態特徵、生物學、寄主植物等作了介紹和總結，並對粉蝶科的地理分佈和區系成分等進行了總結與分析。本書是中國粉蝶科系統分類學研究在現階段的全面總結，為昆蟲學、生物多樣性保護、生物進化、生物地理學提供了基本資料，可供昆蟲學科研與教學工作者、生物多樣性保護與農林生產部門管理者、高等院校有關專業師生及蝴蝶愛好者參考。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[書名]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://big5.dushu.com/book/12183495/"&gt;中國動物誌, 昆蟲綱, 第54卷, 鱗翅目尺蛾科尺蛾亞科&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[作者] &lt;/span&gt;韓紅香, 薛大勇&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[年代] &lt;/span&gt;2011年1月&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[出版] &lt;/span&gt;科學出版社&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[簡介] &lt;/span&gt;《中國動物志（昆蟲綱第54卷鱗翅目尺蛾科尺蛾亞科）》由韓紅香、薛大勇所著。尺蛾亞科隸屬于鱗翅目尺蛾總科尺蛾科，是尺蛾科中的第三大亞科，各種類大都是植食性害蟲。本《中國動物志（昆蟲綱第54卷鱗翅目尺蛾科尺蛾亞科）》主要對中國尺蛾亞科進行了系統分類學研究，在檢視絕大多數模式標本的基礎上，系統記述了67屬375種和亞種，其中，包括1新記錄屬、23新記錄種、6新異名、4新組合。本志內容分總論和各論兩大部分。總論包括了尺蛾科和尺蛾亞科的分類地位、分類系統、研究簡史、形態特征及分類學意義、寄主植物、生物學特性、地理分布特征。各論中編制了屬、種檢索表；總結了每個族的主要特征、屬的主要特征和鑒別特征；每種均有詳細的文獻引證、描述、檢視標本和分布等信息。附有各屬的翅脈圖，絕大部分種的雄雌外生殖器圖和腹部特征圖，共929幅，成蟲彩色圖版20版。本卷動物志可為昆蟲學、生物多樣性保護、生物地理學研究提供研究資料，可供昆蟲學科研與教學工作者、？物多樣性保護與農林生產部門工作人員及高等院校有關專業師生參考。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-4328526627915749710?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/4328526627915749710/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=4328526627915749710' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4328526627915749710'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4328526627915749710'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_23.html' title='中國動物誌粉蝶科與尺蛾亞科出版'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1vboxSE5RLA/TbO6L0GWHFI/AAAAAAAAKqU/LUdYS3as4ek/s72-c/Pie.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-4686927339576264236</id><published>2011-04-15T09:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-04-15T09:31:12.234-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='New book'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Palaearctic region'/><title type='text'>日本産蛾類標準図鑑發行</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt; &lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xpffpO7ZMiM/Tahu7QUmiaI/AAAAAAAAKmI/oIf2bqbce7A/s1600/51mXEt04fSL._SS500_.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 289px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xpffpO7ZMiM/Tahu7QUmiaI/AAAAAAAAKmI/oIf2bqbce7A/s400/51mXEt04fSL._SS500_.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5595844501280557474" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tsTLmq8CA9Y/Tahu_QY5fbI/AAAAAAAAKmQ/vANHt4jzLtg/s1600/511MJaf-ZrL._SS500_.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 289px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tsTLmq8CA9Y/Tahu_QY5fbI/AAAAAAAAKmQ/vANHt4jzLtg/s400/511MJaf-ZrL._SS500_.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5595844570018053554" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[書名] &lt;/span&gt;日本産蛾類標準図鑑 1巻 カギバガ上科，シャクガ上科，カレハガ上科，カイコガ上科, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;日本産蛾類標準図鑑 2巻 ヤガ上科（シャチホコガ科、ヤガ科など）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[編者]&lt;/span&gt; 岸田泰則&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[出版]&lt;/span&gt; 2011年4月5日&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[內容]&lt;/span&gt; 1982年に講談社の日本産蛾類大図鑑が発行されて以降、30年間蓄積された知見と、最近の情報を網羅した集大成の図鑑です。 美しい図版は、原寸大(一部例外有）、タイプ標本含む既知種をほぼ網羅しています。図版には各種名､学名、雌雄別、標本の産地が掲載され、図版のみでも充分同定が可能です｡各種の解説は成虫の形態（開張、斑紋､色彩、変異など）が記述され、外部形態で同定が難しい種については、交尾器の写真(モノクロ)も掲載。このほか国内外の分布、成虫発生時期、化性、寄主植物、最新の分類体系による分類学上の知見も詳細に解説されている。用語解説も充実し、初心者の方にもたいへんわかりやすくなっています。今後は本図鑑が日本産蛾類図鑑の金字塔になることは間違いありません｡プロ、アマチュアを問わず、蛾類研究者必携の本です。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-4686927339576264236?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/4686927339576264236/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=4686927339576264236' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4686927339576264236'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4686927339576264236'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post.html' title='日本産蛾類標準図鑑發行'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xpffpO7ZMiM/Tahu7QUmiaI/AAAAAAAAKmI/oIf2bqbce7A/s72-c/51mXEt04fSL._SS500_.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-3809590718603598289</id><published>2011-03-24T03:18:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-24T19:24:43.656-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Molecular systematics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Choreutidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Methodology and Techniques'/><title type='text'>以分子證據重建擬捲葉蛾科(Choreutidae)之親緣關係</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left; font-family: arial;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-EaXY9JYlHO0/TYnaSJIsbKI/AAAAAAAAA-M/OP7MSkCuGDw/s1600/4581050059_67cf8eb269.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-EaXY9JYlHO0/TYnaSJIsbKI/AAAAAAAAA-M/OP7MSkCuGDw/s320/4581050059_67cf8eb269.jpg" width="320" border="0" height="212" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;photo from &lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157622141577907/detail/"&gt;Shipher Wu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[文獻來源]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00563.x/abstract"&gt;[原文網址]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; Rota J. (2011). &lt;/span&gt;Data partioning in Bayesian analysis: molecular phylogenetics of metalmark moths (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae). &lt;i&gt;Systematic Entomology,&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;36:&lt;/span&gt; 317-329.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" &gt;[文章簡介]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;本篇文章利用&lt;i&gt;COI&lt;/i&gt;、&lt;i&gt;Ef1a&lt;/i&gt;與&lt;i&gt;wingless&lt;/i&gt;等分子片段重建擬捲葉蛾科的高階親緣關係，內群取樣包含在擬捲葉蛾科中的三個亞科（擬捲葉蛾亞科(Choretinae)、舞蛾亞科(Brenthiinae)、密勒蛾亞科(Millieriinae)），共取樣21個屬中的13個屬。作者利用貝氏分析法與資料區分(data-partitioning)策略；資料共區分為每個分子片段矩陣、核基因片段矩陣與全基因片段矩陣，利用資料區分分析後發現對於結果有明顯的影響，根據資料區分的形式，樹的支持度會有所差異。在資料分析方面，本文章也測試了Bayesian star tree paradox（註），結果發現在Hemerophila hourruinialis, H. diva與H. felis的支系上，其支持度會被假性提高，而其他高支持度的支系並沒有發現這樣的現象。親緣關係的結果支持密勒蛾亞科與捲葉蛾科應為複系群，舞蛾亞科與擬捲葉蛾亞科強烈被支持為姊妹群。除了Hemerophila屬外，其他屬的單系性也被支持。根據其結果，本篇作者建議應將密勒蛾亞科從擬捲葉蛾科中移出，並從亞科級提升為科級，但其在雙孔群中的地位仍不清楚。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;註：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="Bayesian%20star%20tree%20paradox"&gt;Bayesian star tree paradox&lt;/a&gt;為一種貝氏分析法重建親緣關係時的矛盾，最基礎的理論為若一個已置根有三個分類群的三叉樹，若要產生二叉樹時，則每個二叉樹所產生的機率皆不滿1/3，這個現象在大型矩陣中可能影響事後機率(posterior probability)的估算。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-3809590718603598289?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/3809590718603598289/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=3809590718603598289' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3809590718603598289'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3809590718603598289'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/03/choreutidae.html' title='以分子證據重建擬捲葉蛾科(Choreutidae)之親緣關係'/><author><name>愛死木</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05264223055637416856</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-EaXY9JYlHO0/TYnaSJIsbKI/AAAAAAAAA-M/OP7MSkCuGDw/s72-c/4581050059_67cf8eb269.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-7584883678363567545</id><published>2011-03-22T22:55:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-23T01:46:21.842-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='molecular dating'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eriocraniidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='evolution'/><title type='text'>取食蘚苔的小翅蛾為異域種化而非寄主轉移所產生的輻射演化</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6ap__u6-b9Y/TYmLeJUEpJI/AAAAAAAAA-E/Lwy11Ptn4eA/s1600/F1.large.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 306px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6ap__u6-b9Y/TYmLeJUEpJI/AAAAAAAAA-E/Lwy11Ptn4eA/s400/F1.large.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5587150162742256786" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lTRwhDD8L9c/TYmLiJDlqgI/AAAAAAAAA-M/tqKM8CJx950/s1600/F2.large.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 356px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lTRwhDD8L9c/TYmLiJDlqgI/AAAAAAAAA-M/tqKM8CJx950/s400/F2.large.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5587150231392594434" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 153, 255);font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;文章來源：Y Imada, A Kawakita &amp;amp; M Kato. Allopatric distribution and diversification without niche shift in a bryophyte-feeding basal moth lineage (Lepidoptera：Micropterigidae). Proc. R. Soc. B doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0134 Published online.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;鱗翅目昆蟲的多樣性極高，最常被提及的解釋為昆蟲與寄主植物的共演化，即植物演化出可抵抗飢餓幼蟲的化學物質，而植食性鱗翅目幼蟲則演化出可以克服該化學物 質的策略，或者轉換到另一種寄主植物上。因此，有數十萬種的植物，就可能會演化出數十萬種鱗翅目昆蟲，然而從一個對較原始的蛾類-小翅蛾科所得到最新的研 究顯示演化的故事不只「生態上的種化」如此簡單。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;小翅蛾從侏儸紀至今都沒有與被子植物互動過，但是他們在日本群島中仍有適度的多樣性，日本京都大學Yume  Imada的研究團隊在日本群島廣泛採集小翅蛾科昆蟲，同時採集幼蟲並鑑定其寄主蘚類，並以DNA樣本重建其親緣關係，結果發現有25個不同的物種在 1500-3500萬年前之間演化出來，而這些物種的寄主皆相同-他們都取食蛇苔 (或稱蛇蘚，&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Conocephalum conicum&lt;/span&gt;)， 顯示他們佔有相同的生態棲位，且他們都生活在潮濕多苔蘚的環境中。作者認為棲位移轉造成物種分化的可能性很低，由於這些小翅蛾的飛行能力不佳，被侷限於溪 流沿岸的潮濕環境裡，因此不同地區的族群受地理上的隔離，為異域種化的結果。作者表示此研究是目前所知無涉明顯的棲位分化之最大輻射演化案例。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;芬蘭學者Tommi Nyman 等人於2010年發表在BMC Evol.  Biol.上的研究，也以葉蜂為材料獲得相近的結果，Nyman認為生態上的種化因為題材有趣而受到矚目，並猜測由生態因素種化而來的植食性昆蟲約佔 20-50%，但是異域種化的例子就相對受到忽視。Imada與其團隊猜測晚近利用不同寄主植物的物種並不盡然會因為移入不同的棲位而演化出不同的物種， 可能的方案是在初期的異域種化後伴隨或接著發生寄主選擇的微幅分化；此方案也可能有助於說明為何相近的昆蟲類群經常取食關係近緣的植物。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 153, 255);font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;The Lepidoptera represent one of the most successful radiations of plant-feeding insects, which predominantly took place within angiosperms beginning in the Cretaceous period. Angiosperm colonization is thought to underlie the evolutionary success of the Lepidoptera because angiosperms provide an enormous range of niches for ecological speciation to take place. By contrast, the basal lepidopteran lineage, Micropterigidae, remained unassociated with angiosperms since Jurassic times but nevertheless achieved a modest diversity in the Japanese Archipelago. We explored the causes and processes of diversiﬁcation of the Japanese micropterigid moths by performing molecular phylogenetic analysis and extensive ecological surveying. Phylogenetic analysis recovered a monophyletic group of approximately 25 East Asian endemic species that feed exclusively on the liverwort &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Conocephalum conicum&lt;/span&gt;, suggesting that niche shifts hardly played a role in their diversiﬁcation. Consistent with the low ﬂying ability of micropterigid moths, the distributions of the Conocephalum specialists are each localized and allopatric, indicating that speciation by geographical isolation has been the major process shaping the diversity of Japanese Micropterigidae. To our knowledge, this is the largest radiation of herbivorous insects that does not accompany any apparent niche differentiation. We suggest that the signiﬁcance of non-ecological speciation during the diversiﬁcation of the Lepidoptera is commonly underestimated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;Keywords:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Eriocraniidae; non-glossatan moths; Japan; molecular dating&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;其他相關參考資料：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;1. Nature News: &lt;a href="http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110302/full/news.2011.130.html"&gt;Moths diversify without changing diet &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;2. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery&gt;0&lt;/w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery&gt;   &lt;w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery&gt;2&lt;/w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:spaceforul/&gt;    &lt;w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/&gt;    &lt;w:donotleavebackslashalone/&gt;    &lt;w:ultrailspace/&gt;    &lt;w:donotexpandshiftreturn/&gt;    &lt;w:adjustlineheightintable/&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;    &lt;w:usefelayout/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable  {mso-style-name:表格內文;  mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;  mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;  mso-style-noshow:yes;  mso-style-parent:"";  mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;  mso-para-margin:0cm;  mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;  mso-pagination:widow-orphan;  font-size:10.0pt;  font-family:"Times New Roman";  mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";  mso-ansi-language:#0400;  mso-fareast-language:#0400;  mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Nyman, T. &lt;i&gt;et al. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="journalname"&gt;BMC Evol. Biol.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="journalnumber"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;, 266 (&lt;span class="cite-month-year"&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). | &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-266" title=""&gt;Article&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?holding=npg&amp;amp;cmd=Retrieve&amp;amp;db=PubMed&amp;amp;list_uids=20807452&amp;amp;dopt=Abstract" title="Article on PubMed - "&gt;PubMed&lt;/a&gt; |&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;"  &gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-7584883678363567545?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/7584883678363567545/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=7584883678363567545' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/7584883678363567545'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/7584883678363567545'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/03/y-imada-kawakita-m-kato.html' title='取食蘚苔的小翅蛾為異域種化而非寄主轉移所產生的輻射演化'/><author><name>Enya</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06600932204106461234</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6ap__u6-b9Y/TYmLeJUEpJI/AAAAAAAAA-E/Lwy11Ptn4eA/s72-c/F1.large.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-2200468338654961507</id><published>2011-03-22T08:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-22T12:15:41.953-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Nymphalidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rhopalocera'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Biogeography'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='speciation'/><title type='text'>以全球紅蛺蝶探討廣域分佈類群與其侷限分佈姊妹群之種化形成</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/damir_rister/3944483750/" title="Flickr 上 Dumbou 的 Vanessa"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3265/3944483750_09ff91b533.jpg" alt="Vanessa" width="400" height="227" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;Photo by Dumbou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255); font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Wahlberg N. and D. Rubinoff. 2011.&lt;/span&gt; Vagility across Vanessa  (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): mobility in butterfly species does not  inhibit the formation and persistence of isolated sister taxa.  &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Systematic Entomology &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;36&lt;/span&gt;(2): 362–370. [&lt;a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00566.x/abstract"&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;異域種化假設了族群間受地理隔離而無法進行基因交流，最終形成兩個獨立的分類群，因此對於廣域且活動能力強的物種來說此機制似乎無法形成隔離且侷限分佈的姊妹種。蛺蝶科紅蛺蝶屬(Vanessa)包含了許多世界性廣域分佈物種，卻也擁有不少局限分佈種，因次此屬成為測試此假說理想的材料之一。此研究藉由涵蓋全球紅蛺蝶屬與其姊妹群的取樣，使用粒腺體COI與8段核基因序列，進行親緣關係的重建與分子鐘枝系&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;分歧的時間推估，所獲得的結果為: 1. 各基因所重建的親緣關係樹見少有衝突，且樹型符合過去形態證據所劃分的烏個紅蛺蝶種群; 2. 外群Antanartia成為駢系群，其中改屬兩物種在此研究中與Vanessa形成單系群，故以此將其轉屬，現用組合名為V. hippomene以及V. dimorphica，現今紅蛺蝶共計22種; 3. 由生物地理分析的結果呈現多數的侷限分佈種，其姊妹種為廣域分布種，因而顯示擴散分布與異域種化的存在。然而就分子定年的結果顯示這些分枝分化時間都相當久(大於500萬年)，此結果支持了長時間的隔離分化。然而作者認為紅蛺蝶屬的高活動力與異域隔離在此研究中，並無法完全解釋此屬在系統發生上的成因。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;Allopatric speciation is thought to occur in the absence of gene  flow, thereby suggesting that widespread vagile species might be less  likely to generate restricted sister taxa because of a lack of  isolation. The butterfly genus &lt;i&gt;Vanessa &lt;/i&gt;provides an ideal test of this  concept, as it contains some of the most cosmopolitan and vagile species  of butterflies on the planet, as well as some highly restricted taxa.  Given the age of these groups, this arrangement offers a special  opportunity to examine the relationship between vagility and phylogeny  in generating novel taxa; specifically, does the vagility of some  lineages impede allopatric speciation, leaving restricted clades more  speciose? A phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for all species  belonging to the butterfly genus &lt;i&gt;Vanessa &lt;/i&gt;based on DNA sequences from one  mitochondrial and eight nuclear gene regions. The resulting topology  shows very little conflict among gene regions, with five well-supported  clades corresponding to morphologically consistent species groups. The  data very strongly indicate a polyphyletic genus &lt;i&gt;Antanartia&lt;/i&gt;, and thus to  preserve monophyly two species previously assigned to &lt;i&gt;Antanartia&lt;/i&gt; are  transferred to &lt;i&gt;Vanessa, Vanessa hippomene &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;comb.n.&lt;/b&gt; and&lt;i&gt; Vanessa  dimorphica &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;comb. n.&lt;/b&gt;, resulting in a total of 22 species placed in &lt;i&gt;Vanessa&lt;/i&gt;.  A biogeographical analysis shows that in many cases the most  geographically restricted species are sister to geographically  widespread species, suggesting dispersal and allopatric speciation.  Surprisingly, in almost all cases the divergences between widespread and  restricted species are quite old (&gt;5 Ma), suggesting long-term  isolation and stability of both vagile and sedentary species, despite  the high (even intercontinental) vagility of many extant species and, by  extension, ancestral species. The biogeography of &lt;i&gt;Vanessa&lt;/i&gt; suggests that  species vagility and allopatry do not fully explain the forces  governing cladogenesis in this remarkable genus.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-2200468338654961507?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/2200468338654961507/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=2200468338654961507' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/2200468338654961507'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/2200468338654961507'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/03/blog-post_1066.html' title='以全球紅蛺蝶探討廣域分佈類群與其侷限分佈姊妹群之種化形成'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3265/3944483750_09ff91b533_t.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-5943744767846609387</id><published>2011-03-22T03:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-22T04:05:11.772-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Papilionidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Phylogenetics'/><title type='text'>利用分子與形態資訊重建鳳蝶亞科之親緣關係並推測其分化年代</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-Q3sX3XiFEq4/TYcL7ha8iuI/AAAAAAAAA-I/twa6vOcskwY/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7+2011-03-21+%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25884.26.54.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-Q3sX3XiFEq4/TYcL7ha8iuI/AAAAAAAAA-I/twa6vOcskwY/s320/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7+2011-03-21+%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25884.26.54.png" border="0" width="285" height="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;圖片擷取自文章中&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;[文獻來源]&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00326.x/abstract"&gt;[原文網址]&lt;/a&gt;Simonsen TJ, Zakharrov EV, Djernaes M, Cotton AM, Vane-Wright RI and Sperling FAH. (2011). Phylogenetics and divergence times of Papilioninae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the enigmatic genera &lt;i&gt;Teinopalpus &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Meandrusa&lt;/i&gt;. Cladistics, 27:113-117.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;[文章簡介]&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;本篇文章利用94個型態特徵與七個基因(&lt;i&gt;16S&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;COI&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;COII&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;ND1, ND5&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Ef1-a&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;wingless&lt;/i&gt;)共5616bp，並取樣鳳蝶亞科中全18個屬（包含假定屬&lt;i&gt;Chilasa&lt;/i&gt;），絹蝶亞科(Parnassiinae)中的四個屬為內群，巴氏鳳蝶亞科(Baroniinae)、&lt;i&gt;Pyrgus&lt;/i&gt;、&lt;i&gt;Colias、Pieris&lt;/i&gt;（粉蝶科）、&lt;i&gt;Coenonympha&lt;/i&gt;與&lt;i&gt;Vanessa&lt;/i&gt;（蛺蝶科）為外群，以此重建鳳蝶亞科的親緣關係與特別探討喙鳳蝶屬(&lt;i&gt;Teinopalpus&lt;/i&gt;)與鉤鳳蝶屬(&lt;i&gt;Meandrusa&lt;/i&gt;)間的關係。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;根據其資料特性，可分為五個資料舉證，分別為：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;1. 包含全部資料矩陣（結合分子與形態資料）；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;2. 全部為分子資料矩陣；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;3. 型態證據矩陣；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;4. 粒線體基因矩陣；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;5. 核基因矩陣；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;分別執行了最大簡約法與貝氏分析法，以求得親緣關係假說。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;結果顯示在鳳蝶亞科中，可區分為四個族，分別為燕鳳蝶族(Leptocircini)、喙鳳蝶族(Teinopalpini)、鳳蝶族(Papilionini)與裳鳳蝶族(Troidini)。其中喙鳳蝶屬與鉤鳳蝶屬為姊妹群，其共同組成為喙鳳蝶族，並且為(裳鳳蝶+鳳蝶族)之姊妹群。裳鳳蝶族可分為兩亞族：Troidina與Battina。馬達加斯加特有屬&lt;i&gt;Pharmacophagus&lt;/i&gt;為其他Troidina之姊妹群，而非&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Pharmacophagus&lt;/span&gt;之類群主要可分為新熱帶支系與澳洲支系，透過播遷與隔離分析，顯示此分布可能來自南剛瓦納大陸分離所造成。分化年代推測顯示鳳蝶亞科起源自白堊紀/第三紀界線。幼蟲的寄主植物演化的分析顯示沒有明顯演化趨勢，而非絹蝶族的絹蝶與裳鳳蝶族取食馬兜鈴的食性為獨立演化而來。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-5943744767846609387?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/5943744767846609387/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=5943744767846609387' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5943744767846609387'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5943744767846609387'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/03/blog-post_22.html' title='利用分子與形態資訊重建鳳蝶亞科之親緣關係並推測其分化年代'/><author><name>愛死木</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05264223055637416856</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-Q3sX3XiFEq4/TYcL7ha8iuI/AAAAAAAAA-I/twa6vOcskwY/s72-c/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7+2011-03-21+%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25884.26.54.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-8793293567989185750</id><published>2011-03-14T21:12:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-15T04:41:48.875-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Biodiversity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cryptic species'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='barcode fragment'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bombycoidea'/><title type='text'>Archaeoattacus屬天蠶蛾隱蔽種的證據</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7XwiBZ30z-k/TX8b3llRxOI/AAAAAAAAACg/whgYHD3XqoQ/s1600/%25E7%25B8%25AE.jpg"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 220px; height: 320px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7XwiBZ30z-k/TX8b3llRxOI/AAAAAAAAACg/whgYHD3XqoQ/s320/%25E7%25B8%25AE.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5584212704757925090" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;"&gt;圖: 左上為Ar. edeardsii 右上為 Ar. malayanus 圖下為Ar. staudingeri圖片引用自原發表文章&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;文獻來源: Wolfgang A. Nässig, Stefan Naumann, and Rodolphe Rougerie. 2010.&lt;/span&gt; Evidence for the existence of three species in the genus &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Archaeoattacus&lt;/span&gt; (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;43: &lt;/span&gt;37-47.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;ved=0CBsQFjAA&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Flepidopteraresearchfoundation.org%2Fjournals%2F43%2Fjrl_43_37_47.pdf&amp;amp;ei=MBh_TaOiGofIvQOn54nmBw&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNG_HewXdHhP3X9ffxZhJOF_Y48JfA&amp;amp;sig2=fFo9D_LZVlytd20CxS0ypA"&gt;full pdf&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文章簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Archaeoattcus屬的模式種為Ar. edwardsii (Watson, 1895)，同屬的另外一種Ar. staudingeri亦由Watson在1914年時所發表，但當時此兩種都被放在Attacus中，直到五十年後Seitz等人在Attacus下建立了Archaeoattacus這個亞屬，並同時描述了一個亞種Ar. edwardsii malayanus，但是這個亞種由於沒有穩定且令人信服的特徵，再加上它在非馬來地區的亞洲大陸廣泛分布，最後被當成Ar. edwardsii的同物異名，但是Nässig等人於2010年提出了新的證據，包含了以生命條碼技術以及一些細微的雄性生殖器穩定差異，證實了確實有第三種的存在。所以原被當成同物異名的亞種名，被復活使用且提升為種Ar. malayanus。除此之外，分子證據還支持Ar. malayanus與Ar. staudingeri較為接近，而在生殖器的形態上，兩者幾乎沒有差別。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-8793293567989185750?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/8793293567989185750/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=8793293567989185750' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8793293567989185750'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8793293567989185750'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/03/archaeoattacus.html' title='Archaeoattacus屬天蠶蛾隱蔽種的證據'/><author><name>劉胖丁</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06945621085087805238</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7XwiBZ30z-k/TX8b3llRxOI/AAAAAAAAACg/whgYHD3XqoQ/s72-c/%25E7%25B8%25AE.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-5070031524041485017</id><published>2011-03-13T00:19:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-13T20:32:13.023-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='genetics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Biodiversity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cryptic species'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='barcode gap'/><title type='text'>從藍小灰蝶探討，物種生命條碼的差異(Barcoding gap)真的存在嗎?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.butterflies-moths-turkey.com/files/xy-0-p-merhaba-artvin-yusufeliDSC00475%5B1%5D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="http://www.butterflies-moths-turkey.com/files/xy-0-p-merhaba-artvin-yusufeliDSC00475%5B1%5D.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "&gt;圖為&lt;i&gt;Agrodiaetus merhaba &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;圖片引用自: &lt;a href="http://www.butterflies-moths-turkey.com/"&gt;butterflies-moths-turkey.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;b&gt;文章出處&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;b&gt;Martin Wiemers and Konrad Fielder, 2007. &lt;/b&gt;Does the DNA barcoding gap exist?- A case study in blue butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) &lt;i&gt;Frontier in Zoology&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;4&lt;/b&gt;: 8 [&lt;a href="http://www.aseanbiodiversity.info/scripts/count_article.asp?Article_code=51008296"&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;b&gt;文章簡介&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; " &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;生命條碼是利用COI的一段序列作為物種快速鑑定的構想，最初是從鳥類以及一部分的節肢動物開始做起，在這兩個類群都顯示出物種間有明顯的基因的歧異度上可以作為鑑識用也就是所謂的生命條碼，後這個構想也幫助隱蔽種(cryptic species)的發現，更有人應用於演化生物學以及系統分類學上，但是有很多的分類學家很不贊同這樣，其中一個原因在於界定物種的生命條碼的差異(Barcoding gap)，可能是人為的因素所造成，起因於物種取樣(不論在種間或種內)不完全所導致。Wiemers &amp;amp; Fielder在2007利用了藍小灰蝶重新檢視生命條碼的差異是否存在。他們所選的&lt;i&gt;Agrodiaetus&lt;/i&gt;屬(或亞屬)的藍小灰蝶不同種間有染色體數目上的差異，所以&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "&gt;雜交無法受孕(或後代不孕)，也間接提供一個物種鑑定的依據，所以&lt;i&gt;Agrodiaetus&lt;/i&gt;屬(或亞屬)的藍小灰蝶，是一個很適合檢測生命條碼的差異是否存在的材料。分析的部分，將基因序列使用K2P model (以便與之前文章比較)所計算出來的遺傳距離(genetic distance)來看種間和種內的差異，或是跑neighbor joing的樹，都無法完全的將種內或種間完全區隔開，換句話說也就是所謂的基因條碼的差異真的只是人為的結果。但是生命條碼對於隱蔽種或新種的發現還是有其重要性在，只是在使用生命條碼時需要更加的嚴謹，除此之外，生命條碼還有一個很基本也很重要的問題要解決，那就是物種的鑑定，Wiemers &amp;amp; Fielder (2007)年文中提到基因庫(Genebank)中幾個物種鑑定錯誤的序列，類似的問題說不定也存在於其他的資料庫中，如果連最基本的問題都沒解決，那生命條碼的可性度就令人質疑了。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-5070031524041485017?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/5070031524041485017/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=5070031524041485017' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5070031524041485017'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5070031524041485017'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/03/barcoding-gap.html' title='從藍小灰蝶探討，物種生命條碼的差異(Barcoding gap)真的存在嗎?'/><author><name>劉胖丁</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06945621085087805238</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-3887807183664902609</id><published>2011-03-03T07:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-03T07:33:20.350-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='New book'/><title type='text'>[新書]日本の鱗翅類　系統と多様性</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5ezRIBAp1D0/TW-t9a55_3I/AAAAAAAAJyM/DUHEt_j4hkM/s1600/Tokai001-1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 279px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5ezRIBAp1D0/TW-t9a55_3I/AAAAAAAAJyM/DUHEt_j4hkM/s400/Tokai001-1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5579869734041157490" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TqiUnvytyxc/TW-t5t893LI/AAAAAAAAJyE/vHI5ipCKz38/s1600/Tokai001-3.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 284px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TqiUnvytyxc/TW-t5t893LI/AAAAAAAAJyE/vHI5ipCKz38/s400/Tokai001-3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5579869670434790578" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-V_ezaFRwa3g/TW-t0zkoMHI/AAAAAAAAJx8/nn209609z7g/s1600/Tokai001-4.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 282px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-V_ezaFRwa3g/TW-t0zkoMHI/AAAAAAAAJx8/nn209609z7g/s400/Tokai001-4.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5579869586043973746" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[書名] &lt;/span&gt;日本の鱗翅類　系統と多様性&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[編者] &lt;/span&gt;駒井古実・吉安裕・那須義次・斉藤寿久&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[出版]&lt;/span&gt; 東海大學出版會&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[年代] &lt;/span&gt;2011&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[內容]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt; [中文書介待完成] &lt;/span&gt;第 I 部では鱗翅類の形態，食性や性フェロモンの多様性について平易に解説した．この部分は第II部，第III部を理解する上での基礎となるだけではなく，専門用語の事典としても活用できる． 第Ⅱ部では全世界の鱗翅類の系統分類の歴史をたどり，全47上科の系統関係についての最新の知見を紹介した．多数のオリジナルな線画や写真を駆使し，上科内の科・亜科の分類，形態，生態的情報についてまとめた．また，外国産を含めて上科や科の全てに和名を付した．第III部では日本産鱗翅類の多様性について解説した．まず，農林害虫を含 めて日本産鱗翅類について概観し，科（亜科）の絵解き検索を付し，次いで日本産約1,000種の幼生期を詳細に解説し，幼虫を中心に，卵，蛹，成虫の姿態を含めたカラー写真により図説した．第III部は第II部の理解を深めるために重要であるばかりではなく，幼虫図鑑としても利用価値大で，小蛾類を中心に初めて図説される幼虫も多い．このように３つの部分は有機的に繋がっており，鱗翅類の全体像を日本だけではなく，グローバルな視点から理解を図ることができる&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-3887807183664902609?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/3887807183664902609/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=3887807183664902609' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3887807183664902609'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3887807183664902609'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/03/blog-post.html' title='[新書]日本の鱗翅類　系統と多様性'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5ezRIBAp1D0/TW-t9a55_3I/AAAAAAAAJyM/DUHEt_j4hkM/s72-c/Tokai001-1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-8976600565588261287</id><published>2011-02-16T19:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-16T23:11:38.227-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='phylogeny'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Phylogenetics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bombycoidea'/><title type='text'>擴增基因序列取樣獲得蠶蛾總科高階親緣關係之穩定性</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wwy8ntaFBLo/TVyRzokFseI/AAAAAAAAAqE/SZlxKBL9Nwc/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-02-17%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258811.17.10.png"&gt;&lt;img style="text-align: justify;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 266px; " src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wwy8ntaFBLo/TVyRzokFseI/AAAAAAAAAqE/SZlxKBL9Nwc/s400/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-02-17%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258811.17.10.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5574490755025973730" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#9999FF;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;文獻出處: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Zwick A., C. J. Regier, C. Mitter and M. P. Cummings. 2010. Increased gene sampling yields robust support for higher-level clades within Bombycoidea (Lepidoptera). Systematic Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00543.x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#9999FF;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;2008年由美國馬里蘭大學生物科技研究所Jerome C. Regier與&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;現德國斯圖加特自然史博物館的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 8.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Andreas Zwick&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;博士等發表了針對蠶蛾總科與枯葉蛾總科親緣關係重建的研究。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Regier等人選用50個蠶蛾總科、近緣枯葉蛾科與其他大鱗翅分類群，並取5段蛋白質轉錄基因序列(約6600鹼基對)進行親緣關係重建，然而此研究中蠶蛾總科並未獲得高支持度的單系性。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;於2009年Cho等人利用多基因序列重建鱗翅目高階親緣關係，使超過10段基因所重建之親緣關係結果與其分析方法受到關注。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Zwick等人此篇文章為了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;在實際經費與產出之間取得平衡，於是由2008年50個分類群中選取其中24個，將其基因額外增加&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;20段蛋白轉錄基因(約11700鹼基對)，也因此能評估&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;分類群/分子序列取樣數差異對親緣重建所造成的影響。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;作者將&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;分類群/分子序列分為三組進行所得親緣樹之比較：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;資料組 (A)- 50個分類群(非完全等同Regier等人2008年選用分類群)/5段序列 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;資料組 (B)- 50個分類群(同上述)/25段序列&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;資料組 (C)- 24個分類群/5段序列&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;結果顯示(B)(C)所重建之親緣枝系大致相似，且各枝系相對(A)呈現較高的樹形支持度，因此作者認為&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;(1) 增加資料的確可提高樹形支持度&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;(2) 擴增部份分類群之基因序列數量，造成其他分類群相對產生了missing data，然而卻&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;並不會造成顯著的非親緣關係偏誤(nonphylogenetic bias)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 12px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;依據此研究對於高支持、解析度的樹形評估，作者進行了蠶蛾總科與枯葉蛾總科之高階分類修訂:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;(1) 蠶蛾科之成員縮限為原名亞科(Bombycinae);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;(2) 原蠶蛾科Epiini族提升為亞科級(Epiinae);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;(3) 原蠶蛾科Phiditinae亞科獨立為科級Phiditiidae;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;(4) 原蠶蛾科之Oberthueriinae、Prismostictinae亞科與另一Mirinidae科視為樺蛾科Endromidae之晚近同物異名;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;(5) 原枯葉蛾總科之Anthelidae重新置於蠶蛾總科。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;台灣過去置於蠶蛾科之兩種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/5138783775/in/set-72157625295319800/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;波花樺(蠶)蛾 (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Oberthueria formosibia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; Matsumura, 1927)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;與&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/2998449717/in/set-72157625295319800/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;小窗樺(蠶)蛾 (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Prismosticta fenestrata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; Butler, 1880)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;據此視為樺蛾科類群&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 12.0px"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 8.5px/normal 'Helvetica Neue'; min-height: 10px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 10px/normal 'Helvetica Neue'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#9999FF;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Abstract &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 10px/normal 'Helvetica Neue'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#9999FF;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;This study has as its primary aim the robust resolution of higher-level &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;relationships within the lepidopteran superfamily Bombycoidea. Our study builds on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;an earlier analysis of five genes (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 10.0px 'Apple Symbols'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;∼&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;6.6 kbp) sequenced for 50 taxa from Bombycoidea &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;and its sister group Lasiocampidae, plus representatives of other macrolepidoteran &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;superfamilies. The earlier study failed to yield strong support for the monophyly of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;and basal splits within Bombycoidea, among others. Therefore, in an effort to increase &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;support specifically for higher-level nodes, we generated 11.7 kbp of additional data &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;from 20 genes for 24 of 50 bombycoid and lasiocampid taxa. The data from the genes &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;are all derived from protein-coding nuclear genes previously used to resolve other &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;lepidopteran relationships. With these additional data, all but a few higher-level nodes &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;are strongly supported. Given our decision to minimize project costs by augmenting &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;genes for only 24 of the 50 taxa, we explored whether the resulting pattern of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;missing data in the combined-gene matrix introduced a nonphylogenetic bias, a possibility &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;reported by others. This was achieved by comparing node support values (i.e. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;nonparametric bootstrap values) based on likelihood and parsimony analyses of three &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;datasets that differ in their number of taxa and level of missing data: 50 taxa/5 genes &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;(dataset A), 50 taxa/25 genes (dataset B) and 24 taxa/25 genes (dataset C). Whereas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;datasets B and C provided similar results for common nodes, both frequently yielded &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;higher node support relative to dataset A, arguing that: (i) more data yield increased &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;node support and (ii) partial gene augmentation does not introduce an obvious nonphylogenetic &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;bias. A comparison of single-gene bootstrap analyses identified four nodes &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;for which one or two of the 25 genes provided modest to strong support for a grouping &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;not recovered by the combined-gene result. As a summary proposal, two of these &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;four groupings (one each within Bombycoidea and Lasiocampidae) were deemed sufficiently &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;problematic to regard them as unresolved trichotomies. Since the alternative &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;groupings were always highly localized on the tree, we did not judge a combined-gene &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;analysis to present a problem outside those regions. Based on our robustly resolved &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;results, we have revised the classification of Bombycoidea: the family Bombycidae &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;is restricted to its nominate subfamily, and its tribe Epiini is elevated to subfamily &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;rank (Epiinae&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; stat.rev.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;), whereas the bombycid subfamily Phiditiinae is reinstated &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;as a separate family (Phiditiidae stat.rev.). The bombycid subfamilies Oberthueriinae &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:Times;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Kuznetzov &amp;amp; Stekolnikov, 1985, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;syn.nov.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;and Prismostictinae Forbes, 1955, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;syn.nov.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:Times;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;and the family Mirinidae Kozlov, 1985, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;syn.nov. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;are established as subjective junior &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;synonyms of Endromidae Boisduval, 1828. The family Anthelidae (Lasiocampoidea) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;is reincluded in the superfamily Bombycoidea.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-8976600565588261287?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/8976600565588261287/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=8976600565588261287' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8976600565588261287'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8976600565588261287'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/02/blog-post.html' title='擴增基因序列取樣獲得蠶蛾總科高階親緣關係之穩定性'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wwy8ntaFBLo/TVyRzokFseI/AAAAAAAAAqE/SZlxKBL9Nwc/s72-c/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-02-17%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258811.17.10.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-2172538661862103504</id><published>2011-01-26T19:06:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-27T05:02:59.215-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Palaearctic region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geometroidea'/><title type='text'>中國產四星尺蛾屬回顧與四新種描述</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TUDjP3Y5CsI/AAAAAAAAAos/X3ohgP8bMVw/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-01-27%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258811.18.31.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 302px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TUDjP3Y5CsI/AAAAAAAAAos/X3ohgP8bMVw/s400/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-01-27%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258811.18.31.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5566699001135827650" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p   style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;font-family:Arial;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;font-family:'Heiti TC Light';font-size:13;"  &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;文獻來源:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Jiang, N, D. Y. Xue and H. X. Han. 2011. &lt;/span&gt;A review of &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Ophthalmitis &lt;/span&gt;Fletcher, 1979 in China, with descriptions of four new species(Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Zootaxa&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;2735: &lt;/span&gt;1-22.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;摘要&lt;/span&gt; 四星尺蛾屬(&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Ophthalmitis&lt;/span&gt;)為枝尺蛾亞科Boarmiini族類群，此屬廣泛分布於東亞與東南亞地區，絕多數成員翅背面為淡綠色帶鋸齒狀紋路。本文回顧中國產四星尺蛾屬並描述四新種，使此屬目前共計30種與4亞種。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;此屬分布於台灣之物種為: Ophthalmitis herbidaria (Guenée, 1857)(鋸紋四星尺蛾), Ophthalmitis albosignaria viridans Sato, 1999 (白四星尺蛾), Ophthalmitis cordularia (Swinhoe, 1893)(後帶四星尺蛾), 以及Ophthalmitis sinensium (Oberthür, 1913) (中華四星尺蛾).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt; The genus Ophthalmitis Oberthür in China is reviewed and four new species are described: O. dissita sp. nov., O. longiprocessa sp. nov., O. brevispina sp. nov., and O. tumefacta sp. nov. Two subspecies of O. albosignaria -- O. albosignaria juglandaria and O. albosignaria isophnia -- are newly synonymized with the nominate subspecies. A key is provided to the Chinese Ophthalmitis and diagnoses for Chinese species. Illustrations of external features and genitalia are presented.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;參考文獻&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sato, R. 1992. The genus Ophthalmitis (Geometridae, Ennominae) of Taiwan, with dscriptions of one new species and one new subspecies. Japan Heterocerists' Journal, 167, 294–299.&lt;br /&gt;Sato, R. &amp;amp; Wang, M. 2007. Records and descriptions of the Boarmiini (Geometridae, Ennominae) from Nanling Mts, S. China. part 4. Tinea, 20 (1), 33–44. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p   style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;font-family:Arial;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-2172538661862103504?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/2172538661862103504/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=2172538661862103504' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/2172538661862103504'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/2172538661862103504'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/01/blog-post_26.html' title='中國產四星尺蛾屬回顧與四新種描述'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TUDjP3Y5CsI/AAAAAAAAAos/X3ohgP8bMVw/s72-c/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7%2B2011-01-27%2B%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258D%258811.18.31.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-6372782574745950658</id><published>2011-01-25T04:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-18T03:01:12.295-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pieridae'/><title type='text'>以分子以及型態重新檢視Pseudopontia (鱗翅目: 粉蝶科 Pseudopontinnae)--三個新種的建立以及一個亞種的提升</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://ghanabutterflies.uw.hu/faj_img/pseudopontia_paradoxa_t_1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 512px; height: 342px;" src="http://ghanabutterflies.uw.hu/faj_img/pseudopontia_paradoxa_t_1.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;圖片引用自: &lt;a href="http://ghanabutterflies.uw.hu/"&gt;Butterfly of Ghana&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;" class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;" class="Apple-style-span"&gt;文獻來源&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;" class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;" class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mitter et al. 2011. &lt;/b&gt;The butterfly subfamily Pseudopontiinae is not monobasic: marked genetic diversity and morphology reveal three new species of pseudopontia (Lepidoptera: pieridae) &lt;i&gt;Systematic Entomology &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;36&lt;/b&gt;: 139-163 [&lt;a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00549.x/abstract"&gt;abstract&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;" class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;" class="Apple-style-span"&gt;文章簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;" class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;" class="Apple-style-span"&gt;Pseudopontiinae是僅分布在非洲的一個特別的物種，由於牠的翅脈有別於一般的粉蝶，所以曾為了牠是否適合放在粉蝶科內而引起一些討論。此類蝴蝶在非洲分布範圍不算小，但過去的分類由於生殖器幾乎沒有變異，僅根據鱗片具有反射紫外光的特徵以及地理的分布將一屬一種的分為兩個亞種，而在Mitter等人(2011)首次以粒線體基因COI以及CAD、DDC和wingless三個核DNA基因再加上AFLP(Amplified fragment length polymorhisms)重新檢視六個不同採集地點的新鮮樣本以及過去採集的樣本，同時也重新檢視了型態的特徵(包含雄雌性的生殖器、鱗片是否反射紫外光以及翅脈)，根據不同基因片段以及AFLP的分析結果都顯示&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Psuedopontia&lt;/span&gt;兩個亞種基因歧異度很大，而且共可分成五個無互相雜交的單系群，Mitter等人再進一步檢視其型態特徵，發現生殖器如同前人研究並無顯著的差異，而在前人提及反射紫外光的鱗片在2011年的文章雖然有提及但並無深入的探討，但被包含在&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Pseudopontia paradoxa australis&lt;/span&gt;群內的物種皆具有反射紫外光的鱗片，至於翅脈在經過大量標本檢視後，Mitter等人發現翅脈有穩定的差異可以鑑別，於是根據分子以及型態的證據，將原被定為亞種的&lt;i&gt;P. p. australis&lt;/i&gt;提升成為種，再根據個別的採集地點命名了三個種，分別為&lt;i&gt;P. gola、P. mabira&lt;/i&gt;以及&lt;i&gt;P. zambezi&lt;/i&gt;。 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-6372782574745950658?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/6372782574745950658/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=6372782574745950658' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6372782574745950658'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6372782574745950658'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/01/pseudopontia-pseudopontinnae.html' title='以分子以及型態重新檢視Pseudopontia (鱗翅目: 粉蝶科 Pseudopontinnae)--三個新種的建立以及一個亞種的提升'/><author><name>劉胖丁</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06945621085087805238</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-3673989789964594243</id><published>2011-01-23T21:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-23T21:25:53.740-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Methodology and Techniques'/><title type='text'>結合不同取樣方法以研究幼蟲組成之可行性- 以安地斯山脈森林區的灌木叢為例</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_AmOT2mk0R_s/TT0NT_ixDWI/AAAAAAAAA9U/uXrMfGePZvU/s1600/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 283px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5565619351625731426" border="0" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_AmOT2mk0R_s/TT0NT_ixDWI/AAAAAAAAA9U/uXrMfGePZvU/s400/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#9999ff;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;文獻來源：&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;F Bodner, S Mahal, M Reuter and Fiedler. 2010. Feasibility of a combined sampling approach for studying caterpillar assemblages – a case study from shrubs in the Andean montane forest zone. The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 43: 27-35.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#9999ff;"&gt;摘要&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;作者分析結合不同取樣方法: 目視搜尋法(visual search)與枝條敲擊法(branch-beating)以評估熱帶地區幼蟲的群聚組成。研究在厄瓜多的山區進行，選取胡椒屬(Piper)的兩種植物作為目標植物。作者在四個以標準化採樣流程進行的實驗過程中共取樣了160株灌木，然後每一株灌木被進行徹底的逐葉檢視搜索至完全地去除葉片為止，以求能100%地搜尋到該植物上的每一隻幼蟲。作者將資料針對完整度、分類上的誤差、日照長度造成之影響、灌木結構複雜度與研究人員的研究經驗進行分析。依標準化採樣流程進行的實驗可採得一株灌木上50.6%~71.6%的幼蟲。取樣流程中分類上的誤差很小，但是可能是由於其簡單和可預測的特性，故很容易說明。本研究中並未發現任何日照長度造成的顯著影響。灌木大小與結構複雜度對取樣結果造成的影響很大，原因是在本研究中，植株小而結構簡單的灌木能幾乎被取樣的很徹底，然而植株大而結構複雜的灌木則大多無法完全徹底的取樣。在逐片葉片的窮盡搜尋方法中，研究經驗的豐富程度對取樣效率和樣本物種組成並未有顯著的影響；然而，在比較搜尋到的幼蟲體型方面，缺乏野外研究經驗的人員則顯然會完全忽略掉最小型的幼蟲。&lt;br /&gt;作者的結論是：此標準化的結合不同取樣方法的流程對研究幼蟲群聚組成之研究相當適合。 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-3673989789964594243?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/3673989789964594243/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=3673989789964594243' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3673989789964594243'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3673989789964594243'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/01/blog-post_9942.html' title='結合不同取樣方法以研究幼蟲組成之可行性- 以安地斯山脈森林區的灌木叢為例'/><author><name>Enya</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06600932204106461234</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_AmOT2mk0R_s/TT0NT_ixDWI/AAAAAAAAA9U/uXrMfGePZvU/s72-c/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-1160998396982959763</id><published>2011-01-23T02:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-23T02:59:10.216-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Exhibition'/><title type='text'>慕光之城特展親近台灣蛾類多樣性面貌</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TTwJc5mEZKI/AAAAAAAAIqE/GFtx_qFnNXU/s1600/5357709708_bb4c5da4c2_b.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 283px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TTwJc5mEZKI/AAAAAAAAIqE/GFtx_qFnNXU/s400/5357709708_bb4c5da4c2_b.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5565333631624570018" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;官網在此:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://cec.tesri.gov.tw/cec/#"&gt;http://cec.tesri.gov.tw/cec/#&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;環境資訊電子報的報導:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://e-info.org.tw/node/63056"&gt;http://e-info.org.tw/node/63056&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-1160998396982959763?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/1160998396982959763/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=1160998396982959763' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/1160998396982959763'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/1160998396982959763'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/01/blog-post_23.html' title='慕光之城特展親近台灣蛾類多樣性面貌'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TTwJc5mEZKI/AAAAAAAAIqE/GFtx_qFnNXU/s72-c/5357709708_bb4c5da4c2_b.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-5077409131602170712</id><published>2011-01-18T09:57:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-18T09:59:28.777-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conference information'/><title type='text'>第17屆歐洲鱗翅學會議之註冊截止日期更改</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TTXUsKs4XCI/AAAAAAAAIog/WlX25gg16TE/s1600/bannerSEL4.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 66px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TTXUsKs4XCI/AAAAAAAAIog/WlX25gg16TE/s400/bannerSEL4.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5563586769938045986" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;請見其&lt;a href="http://www.symposium.lu/sel/registration/"&gt;官網&lt;/a&gt;說明&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-5077409131602170712?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/5077409131602170712/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=5077409131602170712' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5077409131602170712'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5077409131602170712'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/01/17.html' title='第17屆歐洲鱗翅學會議之註冊截止日期更改'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TTXUsKs4XCI/AAAAAAAAIog/WlX25gg16TE/s72-c/bannerSEL4.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-3082281974898056624</id><published>2011-01-12T18:36:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-16T03:34:49.794-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geometroidea'/><title type='text'>台灣產枝尺蛾亞科Boarmiini族兩新種</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TS5lT-GNa-I/AAAAAAAAIjM/5go-nhM4ViM/s1600/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 347px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TS5lT-GNa-I/AAAAAAAAIjM/5go-nhM4ViM/s400/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5561493983610104802" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: Sato R, Fu CM. 2010.&lt;/span&gt; Two new species of the Boarmiini (Geometridae, Ennominae) from Taiwan. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Tinea &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;(3): 122-128.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;摘要:&lt;/span&gt; 此研究描述Boarmiini兩個新種, 分別為&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Arichanna vernalis &lt;/span&gt;Fu &amp;amp; Sato, 2010, 以及&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Lassaba hsuhonglini &lt;/span&gt;Fu &amp;amp; Sato, 2010. 此外&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Lassaba tayulingensis&lt;/span&gt;的雌蟲也在此研究首次被描述. 模式標本分別存放於國立自然科學博物館, 特有生物中心以及東京自然科學博物館. 要注意的是本篇文章的作者序是Sato &amp;amp; Fu, 但新分類群的作者序卻是Fu &amp;amp; Sato, 在引用時得多加留意.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-3082281974898056624?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/3082281974898056624/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=3082281974898056624' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3082281974898056624'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3082281974898056624'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/01/boarmiini.html' title='台灣產枝尺蛾亞科Boarmiini族兩新種'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TS5lT-GNa-I/AAAAAAAAIjM/5go-nhM4ViM/s72-c/%25E6%259C%25AA%25E5%2591%25BD%25E5%2590%258D%2B-%2B1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-3819657919130909357</id><published>2011-01-06T17:38:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-06T17:48:08.488-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rhopalocera'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sexual Selection'/><title type='text'>天冷 雌蝶就會從被追逐者變成求愛者</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a href="http://news.chinatimes.com/realtime/110104/112011010700635.html"&gt;天冷 雌蝶就會從被追逐者變成求愛者&lt;/a&gt; 2011-01-07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;【中廣新聞／夏明珠】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;昆蟲的求愛行為，會因為氣候而產生變化，研究發現，在溫暖潮濕的氣候中，蛻變出的蝴蝶，兩性關係比較傳統，都是雄蝶擔任求愛的角色，可是當天氣變得乾燥涼爽，雌蝶就會化被動為主動，開始追逐雄蝶。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;耶魯大學的研究團隊觀察非洲一種黃褐斑蝶&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt;(事實上是一種眼蝶&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Bicyclus anynana&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;，他們發現，蝴蝶在求愛的時候，身上的花紋會變得比較亮，這是人類用肉眼辨識不出來的，不過蝴蝶可以，這就好比一輛燒包車，在追求異性中，可以發揮的功能。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;研究人員解釋說，昆蟲交配及產卵的時間非常緊迫，所以牠們一點時間都無法浪費，必須快馬加鞭。蝴蝶交配的時候，雄蝶在精子之外，還會釋放營養素給雌蝶，由於天氣涼爽乾燥的時候，環境中的資源也比較少，這些營養素對雌蝶分外重要，也因此，牠們會盡可能增加求愛對象，爭取最多的資源，翅膀紋路最亮麗的雌蝶，通常成功率也愈高。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: Prudic KL, Jeon C, Cao H, Monteiro A. 2011. &lt;/span&gt;Developmental Plasticity in Sexual Roles of Butterfly Species Drives Mutual Sexual Ornamentation. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Science &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;331&lt;/span&gt;(6013): 73-75. [&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6013/73.full"&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-3819657919130909357?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/3819657919130909357/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=3819657919130909357' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3819657919130909357'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3819657919130909357'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2011/01/blog-post.html' title='天冷 雌蝶就會從被追逐者變成求愛者'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-4726400992955597502</id><published>2010-12-13T01:53:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-12-15T02:52:21.485-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='climate change'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='evolution'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='population genetics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Biogeography'/><title type='text'>氣候變遷以及物種分布界線上的演化適應</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/3787473515/sizes/o/in/set-72157622429714379/"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 266px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TQiduVgDHwI/AAAAAAAAILY/ubwGgjNugqk/s400/3787473515_782daee07e_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5550859960105246466" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Jane K. Hill, Hannah M. Griffiths and Chris D. Thomas, 2010.&lt;/b&gt; Climate Change and Evolutionary Adaptations at species' Range margins. &lt;i&gt;Annu. Rev. Entomol&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;b&gt;56&lt;/b&gt;: 143-159 [&lt;a href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-144746"&gt;abstract&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;氣候變遷影響生物的分布其實不是個最近才有的新議題，在離現在最近的冰河範圍最廣的盛冰期(Last Glacial Maximum簡稱LGM)之前，早就經歷過數次氣候變遷以及冰河時期。現今的物種分布與最後盛冰期的生物避難所(Refugia又稱冰河種遺區)息息相關，甚至從許多物種的分布擴展可以看出從盛冰期到現今的氣候變遷。冰河時期結束後，物種從冰河時期的避難所播遷到新棲地，但隨著逐漸暖化的氣候，物種也不斷的往高緯度以及高海拔遷移，更有了適應環境的演化，但氣候暖化除了分布改變以及演化適應外，同時也造成瓶頸效應，使得物種的遺傳多樣性降低&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;(註一)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;Dr. Hill 等人針對這些現象，在2010回顧了近年來氣候的變遷以及生物分布，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;文章主要分成三個部分，分別從(1)氣候變遷對生物分布的影響、(2)生物對於新拓展的邊界環境的演化適應、以及(3)探討生物對於未來氣候暖化的適應的生物潛能，三個不同面相的探討，除了佐以許多的案例外，Dr. Hill等人也從生物遺傳多樣性的角度去探討氣候變遷所造成的影響。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;以下是回顧的總結&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;近年來氣候暖化造成許多物種往高海拔以及高緯度遷移，而且在往高緯度的分布界線擴展的物       種&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;有演化適應的現象。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;在冰河時期後的許多廣布性物種，其遺傳多樣隨著分布緯度越高遺傳多樣性的降低，可以反映 出從2500前的盛冰期到現在的氣候暖化現象。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;遺傳多樣性的降低可能是由少數長距離播遷到新棲地的個體，因為等位基因的缺失以及異型核子的降低所造成。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;冰河時期後，瓶頸效應所遺留下的基因會加速或限制現今的分布是不得而知，但可以確定的是現今的棲地破碎化是會導致基因多樣性的降低&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;(註二)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;增加播遷能力是在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;分布邊界最常被觀察到的演化適應，(如:關於飛行能力的翅型型態改變以及代謝率增加)，當然也有演化適應是改變在與棲地的關聯性。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;在擴展新分布邊界時，常會在飛行能力與繁殖力間取捨，通常會藉由降低繁殖力來提高播遷力。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;了解生物&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;適應&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;環境的廣度以及速度，對於未來氣候改變反映在生物多樣性以及生態系統是很重要的關鍵。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;註一、除了氣候之外，人類的開發造成棲地破碎化也會造成族群間的基因交流率降低，導致遺傳多樣性的降低。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;註二、後冰河時期的瓶頸效應的影想就像雙面刃一樣，選汰的結果可能會使適應新環境的基因被穩定下來，幫助環境的適應，或者是相反，導致族群快速滅絕。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-4726400992955597502?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/4726400992955597502/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=4726400992955597502' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4726400992955597502'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4726400992955597502'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/12/blog-post.html' title='氣候變遷以及物種分布界線上的演化適應'/><author><name>劉胖丁</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06945621085087805238</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TQiduVgDHwI/AAAAAAAAILY/ubwGgjNugqk/s72-c/3787473515_782daee07e_o.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-1882144093809961034</id><published>2010-12-11T09:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-12-11T10:19:08.018-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Journal information'/><title type='text'>[新期刊]Entomo-Satsphingia</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TQO71pTjEqI/AAAAAAAAIJE/woZ_Y7dlvHI/s1600/entomo_satsphingia_11_0.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 283px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TQO71pTjEqI/AAAAAAAAIJE/woZ_Y7dlvHI/s400/entomo_satsphingia_11_0.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5549485696145887906" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.insecta-web.org/MWM/htmls/museum_entomo_satsphingia_en.html"&gt;Entomo-Satsphingia&lt;/a&gt;這個期刊創始於2008年, 期刊名的意思就是"天蠶蛾天蛾學刊", 這其實根本就是一個個人期刊, 為什麼這樣說呢? 全球的天蠶蛾與天蛾研究人口其實以業餘研究者居多, 而業餘研究者間相處得其實不算是非常好, 這些人又剛好都有一些小錢支持自己的興趣, 所以發行個人化期刊變成為一種流行. 以德國來說, 原本最常出現天蛾與天蠶蛾分類學研究的期刊為&lt;a href="http://www.apollo-frankfurt.de/"&gt;Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo&lt;/a&gt;, 但是近年的出刊變得不穩定. 另一個期刊叫Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 發行人Ulf Eitschberger, 也是一個個人型期刊, 專門刊登Eitschberger自己的文章. 尤於動物命名規約較為寬鬆, 因此對於這類根本缺乏審查機制的期刊沒有什麼條款規約. Ronald Brechlin原本也都在NEVA上發表文章, 但近年與NEVA關係急凍因此發行個人期刊, 這也就是這個期刊的由來.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-1882144093809961034?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/1882144093809961034/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=1882144093809961034' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/1882144093809961034'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/1882144093809961034'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/12/entomo-satsphingia.html' title='[新期刊]Entomo-Satsphingia'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TQO71pTjEqI/AAAAAAAAIJE/woZ_Y7dlvHI/s72-c/entomo_satsphingia_11_0.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-4221482440403395598</id><published>2010-11-20T00:58:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-11-20T03:23:25.863-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Biogeography'/><title type='text'>表型可塑性和族群分佈範圍的關係</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Tl-bXLKxAJw/TOeQpBCuRqI/AAAAAAAAAUM/cGg0yGrvzHY/s1600/1471-2148-10-252-2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 265px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Tl-bXLKxAJw/TOeQpBCuRqI/AAAAAAAAAUM/cGg0yGrvzHY/s400/1471-2148-10-252-2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5541556900831577762" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;Fig.2 Modified individuals obtained from the Fukaura area(http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/252/figure/F2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Otaki JM, Hiyama A, Iwata M, Kudo T.&lt;/strong&gt; 2010. Phenotypic plasticity in the range-margin population of the lycaenid butterfly &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Zizeeria maha&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;BMC Evolutionary Biology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt; 10: 252.&lt;/strong&gt; doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-252.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;近期研究顯示在歐洲, 日本與美洲都有許多蝶類具有棲地範圍北移或擴大分布範圍的趨勢，而氣候暖化被認為是造成這個現象的因素之一，這些物種在適應新環境時表型甚至與其在原分布範圍有些差異。這篇文章的作者們以以灰蝶科的酢醬灰蝶(Zizeeria maha)之翅紋為例，探索在調控溫度的狀態下是否能夠證實物種表型的可塑性與溫度間的關聯。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;Zizeeria maha主要分布在亞洲，成蟲展翅約25 mm，在腹面的前後翅上具有黑色斑點但不易區分性別，若以背面翅色可區分性別。幼蟲取食Oxalis corniculata葉片，不耐低溫，在低於12℃時不易進行蛻皮及化蛹，即使東部溫暖區域在11月底也不易觀察到野外族群，幼蟲會躲藏在下位葉、落葉堆或小石頭堆中化蛹，蛹期春季約14-20天，夏季約7天，成蟲期一年6~7代以夏季族群量最大。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;物種分佈實驗的部份，作者在日本本洲北端青森縣(Aomori Prefecture)之深浦町(Fukaura: latitude 40°38.7’N and longitude 139°55.9’E)內選取9個樣區，在2000年至2004年間的夏季進行抽樣調查，再配合溫度變化去做翅紋分析，另外也將部份雌性個體帶回實驗室飼育，進行表型變化的研究。物種處理的部份是先將選育的表型基因轉入幼蟲體內並飼養10代後再將正常個體釋放，釋放族群和野生族群間可能產生基因上的交流，結果具選育基因的個體和一般個體相較之下具有較佳的耐寒性，因而產生族群的大量擴張，也使表型爆發的產生。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;由此研究得知，表型和環境溫度及壓力有關，族群分佈範圍和遺傳組成有關，其次是族群擴大分佈的利益，這些不只顯示出表型的可塑性，也是未來演化研究的新方向。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-4221482440403395598?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/4221482440403395598/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=4221482440403395598' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4221482440403395598'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4221482440403395598'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/11/blog-post_20.html' title='表型可塑性和族群分佈範圍的關係'/><author><name>小筱</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03934660281223549561</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Tl-bXLKxAJw/TOeQpBCuRqI/AAAAAAAAAUM/cGg0yGrvzHY/s72-c/1471-2148-10-252-2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-1497730115907611219</id><published>2010-11-10T06:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-11-10T06:08:45.485-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Database'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Afrotropical region'/><title type='text'>AfroMoths.Net - 一個非洲蛾類資訊新網頁</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TNqloQ_j0uI/AAAAAAAAH4s/gyPncwVx5hQ/s1600/header.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 102px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TNqloQ_j0uI/AAAAAAAAH4s/gyPncwVx5hQ/s400/header.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5537920802980352738" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;比利時中非博物館一直是非洲生物研究的重鎮之一, 該館的鱗翅目研究者Jurate De Prins近來完成一個新的資料庫 - AfroMoths.Net, 收錄非洲大陸產蛾類的名錄與原始發表文獻記錄. 網址&lt;a href="http://www.afromoths.net/"&gt;在此&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-1497730115907611219?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/1497730115907611219/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=1497730115907611219' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/1497730115907611219'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/1497730115907611219'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/11/afromothnet.html' title='AfroMoths.Net - 一個非洲蛾類資訊新網頁'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TNqloQ_j0uI/AAAAAAAAH4s/gyPncwVx5hQ/s72-c/header.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-5629755001695472407</id><published>2010-11-02T01:16:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-12-14T19:58:15.111-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Nymphalidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Field Observation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='microevolution'/><title type='text'>棋盤格蛺蝶生態上分化之族群間的後生殖隔離</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000529.g006&amp;amp;representation=PNG_M"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 287px;" src="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000529.g006&amp;amp;representation=PNG_M" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;Fig. 3D圖顯示純種與雜交個體的偏好，圖片引用自&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;http://www.plosbiology.org&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;文獻來源: &lt;b&gt;McBride CS. and Singer MC. 2010.&lt;/b&gt; Field Studies Reveal Strong Postmating Isolation Between Ecologically Divergent Butterfly  Population. &lt;i&gt;PLoS Biology&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;8(10)&lt;/b&gt;: 1~17 (&lt;a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000529"&gt;full article&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;外在的後生殖隔離機制(extrinsic postzygotic isolation, EPI)被認為是物種種化必經的一個起始過程，但相較於研究詳盡的前生殖隔離機制(prezygotic isolation)，因EPI出現的時間較短&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;(註一)&lt;/span&gt;以及&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;局限&lt;/span&gt;研究方式&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;(註二)&lt;/span&gt;，使得人們對於EPI所知並不多。在McBride &amp;amp; Singer (2010)的研究中，藉由穩定適應不同寄主植物且異域的棋盤格蛺蝶(Checkerspot butterfly, &lt;i&gt;Euphydryas editha&lt;/i&gt;)進行"野外"的實驗，透過雜交個體在自然環境下的適應情況來探索EPI，但不同於以往監測整體的適存度(比如存活率)，作者們先推測雜交個體應該在各方面都位居於兩異域的偏好棋盤格蛺蝶之間，而野外觀測到雜交個體的幼蟲寄主偏好、取食位置的偏好、產卵的位置偏好以及單一次產卵量等，也都如預期在兩個異域的棋盤格蛺蝶間，再藉由野外測定生長速率、卵的孵化率以及整體的存活率，作者們發現雜交個體都相對於純種來的差。更進一步將&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;純種與&lt;/span&gt;雜交個體拓殖到所適應的寄主植物之外，發現純種以及雜交種在新拓殖的植物在各方面並無差異，藉以證實雜交確實是受到EPI的影響而非內在生理的影響。作者們亦選用了三個因子繪製成模擬棲位(niche)的3D圖(見上圖)，在所構成的平面上兩純種有各自聚集成兩個頂點，而雜交種則是如同預期般散布在兩純種間。雖然目前不能很清楚了解什麼原因導致雜交個體在自然環境適存度降低，但EPI的確在自然界影響非淺。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;註一、雜交個體可能因為較不適應環境而滅絕。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;註二、大多的實驗都在實驗室進行或採用改良式的田野實驗，因此會造成很多因子被忽略，比如說天敵的因子可能就會&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;被排除，因此在相關研究通常會低估或忽略EPI的影響力。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-5629755001695472407?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/5629755001695472407/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=5629755001695472407' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5629755001695472407'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5629755001695472407'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/11/blog-post_02.html' title='棋盤格蛺蝶生態上分化之族群間的後生殖隔離'/><author><name>劉胖丁</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06945621085087805238</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-6008998599348834717</id><published>2010-11-01T08:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-11-04T07:42:35.727-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Noctuoidea'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Noctuidae'/><title type='text'>夜蛾總科分子親緣關係與最新科級分類處理</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TM7YHtV1VMI/AAAAAAAAAgM/jpHjMtxJkgA/s1600/Noctuoidea.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="text-align: justify; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 398px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TM7YHtV1VMI/AAAAAAAAAgM/jpHjMtxJkgA/s400/Noctuoidea.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5534598619026773186" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;A new molecular phylogeny offers hope for a stable family-level classification &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px Helvetica; min-height: 16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.5px 'Heiti TC Light';font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;文獻來源&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;: Zahiri, R., I. J. Kitching, J. D. Lafontaine, M. Mutanen, L. Kaila, J. D. Holloway and N. Wahlberg. 2010. A new molecular phylogeny offers hope for a stable family-level classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera). Zoological Scripta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px Helvetica; min-height: 16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px Helvetica;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00459.x/abstract"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px Helvetica; min-height: 16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px 'Heiti TC Light';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px 'Heiti TC Light';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;夜蛾總科之高階分類(科級、亞科級)在近十年隨分子親緣重建與更多的形態特徵於主要的十來篇文章中討論，分類系統亦從爭議到漸趨獲得共識，而持續在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;解決的問題包括(1) 後翅三叉群、四叉群夜蛾以及與毒蛾、燈蛾之親緣關係、(2) 各亞科之間的關係以及(3) 一些物種數少的分類群之系統發生位置為何等。本文章使用7段核DNA蛋白轉錄基因與1段粒線體DNA COI序列，來重建物種數高達4萬2至7萬種之多且高階分類仍大穩定的夜蛾總科分類群。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 13px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px 'Heiti TC Light';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;材料上選用鉤蛾、天蛾、天蠶蛾與尺蛾等4個外群以及夜蛾總科148個分類群(含50個亞科、51族以及16個高階分類地位不明類群)。由於Doidae已在稍早的文章被認為與鉤蛾總科關係較近，因此並未納入分析。方法上使用Maximum Parsimony (MP)與Maximum Likelihood (ML)方法進行分子親緣重建，序列資料分成3組來分析，分別為(1) 所有基因一同分析; (2) 除粒線體COI序列之外的所有基因一同分析以及(3) 將所有基因之密碼子第三位置刪除後之序列來分析，最後以Bootstrap與Bremer support獲得樹形支持度。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 13px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px 'Heiti TC Light';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;由於MP與ML方法以及資料分組所獲得的夜蛾總科高階親緣關係大體一致，故以下僅作文章最後分類處理之結論與討論作介紹，由高階至低階分類群依序為:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;夜蛾總科之最基群為&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/collections/72157625139091511/"&gt;舟蛾科(Notodontidae)&lt;/a&gt;，其姊妹群為澳洲產&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=Oenosandridae&amp;amp;w=all"&gt;澳舟蛾科 (Oenosandridae)&lt;/a&gt;；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157622346188016/"&gt;尾夜蛾&lt;/a&gt;與&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157622633962273/"&gt;蕊翅夜蛾&lt;/a&gt;兩個傳統之亞科級在所有樹形中皆為姊妹群並獨立於其他類群，故此處將此兩分類群獨立為&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/collections/72157625139095301/"&gt;尾夜蛾科(Euteliidae)&lt;/a&gt;；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;傳統之後翅&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157605825664156/"&gt;三叉群夜蛾&lt;/a&gt;(包含主要之農業害蟲如&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/3961129194/"&gt;斜紋夜蛾&lt;/a&gt;與&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/3995888996/"&gt;小地老虎&lt;/a&gt;等)形成單系群，然而文章中對其內亞科級關係並未多作討論，就樹形來看各主要亞科級皆具有高支持度，然而被選用分析之&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157622200016813/"&gt;木夜蛾亞科&lt;/a&gt;四分類群被獨立為三個枝系，顯示此亞科並非單系群;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157608496560508/"&gt;瘤蛾類群&lt;/a&gt;獨立於其他後翅四叉群夜蛾以及毒蛾與燈蛾之外，此枝系並被高度支持，故作者將此類群獨立為科級(Nolidae)；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;其他類群如裳(夜)蛾、毒蛾、燈蛾、壺夜蛾與其他中小型四叉群夜蛾被高度支持成為同ㄧ枝系，而此一枝系作者以科級階層處理為&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/collections/72157625263924138/"&gt;裳蛾科(Erebidae)&lt;/a&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;毒蛾成為&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157608255156609/"&gt;亞科級(Lymantriinae)&lt;/a&gt;，其中基群為銀白毒蛾屬，並與毒蛾族＋白毒蛾族以及紋毒蛾+黃毒蛾族兩枝系形成姊妹群；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;燈蛾成為&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157605818440630/"&gt;亞科級(Arctiinae)&lt;/a&gt;，與&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157622346204500/"&gt;擬燈蛾亞科(Aganainae)&lt;/a&gt;和&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157622484234244/"&gt;車厚翅夜蛾亞科(Herminiinae)&lt;/a&gt;之枝系形成姊妹群；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Boletobiine枝系包含過去大部份之廣義麗夜蛾亞科(Acontiinae)，或是Holloway (2010)提出的&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157624772286679/"&gt;Aventiiane&lt;/a&gt;、Eublemminae、Phytometrinae等類群，此類群之食性廣泛包含取食腐植質、真菌、地衣、果實、落葉、屍體等，有別於一般植食性鱗翅目類群&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;傳統上依據具鋸刺口器而劃分之&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157623087859777/"&gt;壺夜蛾亞科(Calpinae)&lt;/a&gt;與其中四個族(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/01/blog-post_16.html"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;見前文&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;)，在此文章之分子樹中無法形成單系群，故作者提醒就算分類群皆具有明顯之功能性形態特徵，也不一定就是一分類群成員之共有演徵(synapomorphy)；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;雖然裳蛾之科級地位被高度支持，然而其中分類群間關係仍無法釐清，而由此枝系基部之短枝分叉可推測可能具有快速分化(rapid radiation)的演化事件，未來的研究必須納入更多分類群來釐清。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px 'Heiti TC Light';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;此外，夜蛾總科中具有特化下唇鬚延長向前伸的傳統&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/sets/72157622484228802/"&gt;長鬚夜蛾亞科(Hypeninae)&lt;/a&gt;或是其模式屬(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Hypena&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;)並未納入此文章之分析中亦未作任何描述討論，在此類夜蛾總科高階親緣關係文章非常少見，而此類群在Mitchell &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;et al&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;. (2006)之分子樹中成為除了瘤蛾、尾夜蛾與蕊翅夜蛾之外之其他後翅四叉群類群的姊妹群。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 13px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 13px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; font: 12.5px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 13px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;To examine the higher level phylogeny and evolutionary affinities of the megadiverse superfamily Noctuoidea, an extensive molecular systematic study was undertaken with special emphasis on Noctuidae, the most controversial group in Noctuoidea and arguably the entire Lepidoptera. DNA sequence data for one mitochondrial gene (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and seven nuclear genes (Elongation Factor-1α, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em   style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; outline-width: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: normal;font-size:12px;color:transparent;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;wingless&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;, Ribosomal protein S5, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and Carbamoylphosphate synthase domain protein) were analysed for 152 taxa of principally type genera/species for family group taxa. Data matrices (6407 bp total) were analysed by parsimony with equal weighting and model-based evolutionary methods (maximum likelihood), which revealed a new high-level phylogenetic hypothesis comprising six major, well-supported lineages that we here interpret as families: Oenosandridae, Notodontidae, Erebidae, Nolidae, Euteliidae and Noctuidae.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-6008998599348834717?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/6008998599348834717/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=6008998599348834717' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6008998599348834717'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6008998599348834717'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/11/blog-post.html' title='夜蛾總科分子親緣關係與最新科級分類處理'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TM7YHtV1VMI/AAAAAAAAAgM/jpHjMtxJkgA/s72-c/Noctuoidea.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-106376329180086779</id><published>2010-10-31T08:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-31T09:39:58.437-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Noctuoidea'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Noctuidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='TaiBNET'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Book review'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><title type='text'>歐亞大陸與北非夜蛾誌 金翅夜蛾亞科卷二已出版 &amp; 台灣相關分類群修訂</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/5131443735/" title="Flickr 上 Bettaman 的 101030 新竹 觀霧 Abrostola anophioides Moore, 1882"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1068/5131443735_d9c0b2ac08.jpg" width="400" height="265" alt="101030 新竹 觀霧 Abrostola anophioides Moore, 1882" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abrostola anophioides&lt;/i&gt; Moore, 1882&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 12.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;繼2008年歐亞大陸與北非夜蛾誌第一冊之金翅夜蛾亞科(Plusiinae)卷一出版之後(&lt;a href="http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2008/12/plusiinae.html"&gt;見前文&lt;/a&gt;)，此亞科之卷二亦於2010年出版，並為此系列之第四冊書籍。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 12.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 12.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;金翅夜蛾亞科是一群廣泛分布於除極區之外，成蟲外觀上前翅常帶有金屬光澤鱗片而頂角通常銳尖的類群。在親緣關係上，由近期之形態與分子證據顯示此亞科為三叉群夜蛾中最基群的類群，而此亞科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; "&gt;在此兩卷中被劃分為四個族，卷一僅介紹Plusiini族，卷二則涵蓋其他三族 (Abrostolini, Argyrogrammatini與Omarphinini)。台灣除Omarphinini (僅分布於西藏之單屬單種)外其餘三族皆有物種分佈。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 12.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;有關台灣產金翅夜蛾亞科，由1992出版的台灣鱗翅目昆蟲誌名錄 (Lepidoptera of Taiwan)之32種，至此兩卷書籍增加為34種，其中分類處理包含兩新紀錄種、一同物異名之有效學名組合以及其他15筆屬級或是亞屬級變更。詳細資訊請見&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://spreadsheets.google.com/pub?key=0ArF5cMAlopaudFBmVzRVTHBkY05aR2lzbmFtLTZBalE&amp;amp;hl=zh_TW&amp;amp;output=html"&gt;此連結之公開google文件表單&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;，或是TaiBNET網站查詢。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 12.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 12.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;此外，關於Wang (1994: 253)所列物種&lt;i&gt;Chrysodeixis taiwanensis&lt;/i&gt; Wileman，由於目前尚未查對原始文獻與模式標本，於兩卷金翅夜蛾書籍亦未有相關描述或是同物異名處理，故切確的分類地位仍待釐清。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 12.0px"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-106376329180086779?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/106376329180086779/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=106376329180086779' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/106376329180086779'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/106376329180086779'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/10/blog-post_31.html' title='歐亞大陸與北非夜蛾誌 金翅夜蛾亞科卷二已出版 &amp; 台灣相關分類群修訂'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1068/5131443735_d9c0b2ac08_t.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-3693345091191466084</id><published>2010-10-31T05:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-31T06:03:06.580-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='TaiBNET'/><title type='text'>[TaiBNET修訂] 九月份鱗翅目修訂清單與新增影像</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 29px;"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;九月份&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;TaiBNET&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;資料庫鱗翅目之修訂與新增資料簡述如下，詳細資訊請參考&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://spreadsheets.google.com/pub?key=0ArF5cMAlopaudHFBa21hOEVtWUxfTGZNUzNRTm5NalE&amp;amp;hl=zh_TW&amp;amp;output=html"&gt;此連結之公開&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://spreadsheets.google.com/pub?key=0ArF5cMAlopaudHFBa21hOEVtWUxfTGZNUzNRTm5NalE&amp;amp;hl=zh_TW&amp;amp;output=html"&gt;google&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://spreadsheets.google.com/pub?key=0ArF5cMAlopaudHFBa21hOEVtWUxfTGZNUzNRTm5NalE&amp;amp;hl=zh_TW&amp;amp;output=html"&gt;文件表單&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;。若資料有問題或有其他建議，可直接回應於此文章。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Times New Roman'; min-height: 16.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;資料修訂或新增：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px 'LiSong Pro Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;尺蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 12筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px 'LiSong Pro Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;舟蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px 'LiSong Pro Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;刺蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px 'LiSong Pro Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;夜蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 137&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px 'LiSong Pro Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;枯葉蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px 'LiSong Pro Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;毒蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px 'LiSong Pro Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;草潛蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px 'LiSong Pro Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;捲葉蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px 'LiSong Pro Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;斑蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px 'LiSong Pro Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;隆蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px 'LiSong Pro Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;鉤蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px 'LiSong Pro Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;燈蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px Times"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'Heiti TC Light';"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;  "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;共&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;199&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 12.0px 'Times New Roman'; min-height: 15.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;新增影像部份：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;燈蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;草螟科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;1筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;螟蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;1筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;鉤蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px 'Lucida Grande'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;尺蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;枯葉蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;夜蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; 47&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;舟蛾科52筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;捲葉蛾科&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;1筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 22.0px; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;共122筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;155&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;張&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 22.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 22.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 22.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 22.0pt;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;!--EndFragment--&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-3693345091191466084?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/3693345091191466084/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=3693345091191466084' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3693345091191466084'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3693345091191466084'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/10/blog-post.html' title='[TaiBNET修訂] 九月份鱗翅目修訂清單與新增影像'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-2796050227619371333</id><published>2010-10-13T01:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-13T02:11:43.989-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='New book'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rhopalocera'/><title type='text'>[新書]A field guide to the butterflies of Singapore</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TLVzhw7oyQI/AAAAAAAAHq0/4zzRbhWbjEA/s1600/%E6%9C%AA%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D+-+1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 280px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TLVzhw7oyQI/AAAAAAAAHq0/4zzRbhWbjEA/s400/%E6%9C%AA%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D+-+1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5527451141575067906" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[書名] &lt;/span&gt;A field guide to the butterflies of Singapore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[作者]&lt;/span&gt; Khew Sin Khoon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[年代] &lt;/span&gt;2010/10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[內容] &lt;/span&gt;此書為新加坡當地首次出版的野外賞蝶專用手冊, 其中包含高達超過260個物種, 其中不乏許多成蟲活體首次被發表的生態圖片. 由於新加坡位於馬來半島南端, 且臨近蘇門答臘中部, 對於瞭解馬來半島南端低地蝶相與高多樣性類群(例如&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Nacaduba&lt;/span&gt;等)有相當的參考價值.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;[網頁]&lt;/span&gt; 請見&lt;a href="http://butterflycircle.blogspot.com/2010/10/metamorphosis-birth-of-new-butterfly.html"&gt;此介紹&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-2796050227619371333?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/2796050227619371333/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=2796050227619371333' title='1 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/2796050227619371333'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/2796050227619371333'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/10/field-guide-to-butterflies-of-singapore.html' title='[新書]A field guide to the butterflies of Singapore'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TLVzhw7oyQI/AAAAAAAAHq0/4zzRbhWbjEA/s72-c/%E6%9C%AA%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D+-+1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-3611257276860407402</id><published>2010-10-03T03:02:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-03T03:06:44.212-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='媒體評論'/><title type='text'>農委會特有生物研究保育中心 - 99年蛾類普查研習營--標本製作影片</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TKhVh_ApgdI/AAAAAAAAHns/JqUO3-DcZ4s/s1600/%E6%9C%AA%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D+-+1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 217px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TKhVh_ApgdI/AAAAAAAAHns/JqUO3-DcZ4s/s400/%E6%9C%AA%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D+-+1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5523758985308111314" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DutHK1B2hEk&amp;amp;feature=related"&gt;影片一&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jzWDqhL27FI&amp;amp;feature=related"&gt;影片二&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEASJt45nRY&amp;amp;feature=related"&gt;影片三&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-3611257276860407402?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/3611257276860407402/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=3611257276860407402' title='1 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3611257276860407402'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3611257276860407402'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/10/99.html' title='農委會特有生物研究保育中心 - 99年蛾類普查研習營--標本製作影片'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TKhVh_ApgdI/AAAAAAAAHns/JqUO3-DcZ4s/s72-c/%E6%9C%AA%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D+-+1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-1509951821534298488</id><published>2010-09-22T10:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-22T10:29:24.003-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='TaiBNET'/><title type='text'>[TaiBNET修訂] 八月份鱗翅目修訂清單與新增影像</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TJo66tWbk3I/AAAAAAAAAfg/Z-3PFRiwrRo/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2010-09-23+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%881.20.14.png"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 264px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TJo66tWbk3I/AAAAAAAAAfg/Z-3PFRiwrRo/s400/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2010-09-23+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%881.20.14.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5519789073576465266" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#0000EE;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;TaiBNET資料庫鱗翅目部份自八月份開始進行例行性物種資料修訂、新增(含文獻)以及物種影像新增。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;八月份資料如下簡述，詳細資訊請參考&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="https://spreadsheets.google.com/pub?key=0ArF5cMAlopaudFVqTFRPd2tuVzVNLTFsUnRhX1ZIZWc&amp;amp;hl=zh_TW&amp;amp;output=html"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;此連結之公開google文件表單&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;。若資料有問題或有其他建議，可直接回應於此文章。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#9999FF;"&gt;資料修訂或新增：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;燈蛾科 2筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;蠶蛾科 8筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;籮紋蛾科 1筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;草螟科 3筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;鉤蛾科 1筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;帶蛾科 3筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;尺蛾科 13筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;枯葉蛾科 1筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;夜蛾科 77筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;隆蛾科 4筆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 12.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;共117筆&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 12.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#9999FF;"&gt;新增影像部份：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;夜蛾科 66種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;尺蛾科 8種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;隆蛾 4種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;鉤蛾科 1種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;蠶蛾科 8種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;蜂蛾科 1種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;天蛾科 2種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;天蠶蛾科 2種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;草螟科 2種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;舟蛾科 1種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;帶蛾科 1種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;枯葉蛾科 1種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;籮紋蛾科 1種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;共99種、&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;156張&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-1509951821534298488?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/1509951821534298488/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=1509951821534298488' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/1509951821534298488'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/1509951821534298488'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/09/taibnet.html' title='[TaiBNET修訂] 八月份鱗翅目修訂清單與新增影像'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TJo66tWbk3I/AAAAAAAAAfg/Z-3PFRiwrRo/s72-c/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2010-09-23+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%881.20.14.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-6498699078906148576</id><published>2010-09-20T04:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-20T04:43:58.325-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pterophoroidea'/><title type='text'>新紀錄種細趾馬櫻丹羽蛾(Lantanophaga pusillidactyla Walker, 1864)在台灣與日本的發現</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial; color: rgb(255, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;(可能也是個外來種, 因為馬櫻丹本身就是個源自新熱帶區的外來種)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: Mano T. 2010.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; &lt;a href="http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu/Files1/Live/LJF/LJF6119.jpg"&gt;Lantanophaga pusillidactyla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Walker, 1864), new to Japan and Taiwan (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae). &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;The Japan Heterocerists' Journal&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;257:&lt;/span&gt; 178-180.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" &gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Lantanophaga pusillidactyla&lt;/span&gt; (Walker, 1864), was found from Okinawa Prefecture (Okinawa-jima Is., Iriomote-jima Is.), southern part of Japan, and also from Formosa for the first time. An adult, male and female genitalia, larva and pupa were illustrated. In Japan, larvae of L. pusillidactyla injure flowers and premature fruits of&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; Lantana camara&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;L. montevidensis &lt;/span&gt;(Verbenaceae). After blooming, dead petals of the plants are utilises as a shelter of the larva.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-6498699078906148576?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/6498699078906148576/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=6498699078906148576' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6498699078906148576'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6498699078906148576'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/09/lantanophaga-pusillidactyla-walker-1864.html' title='新紀錄種細趾馬櫻丹羽蛾(Lantanophaga pusillidactyla Walker, 1864)在台灣與日本的發現'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-8132710363034601506</id><published>2010-09-18T20:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-18T22:06:30.324-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Biodiversity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Macrolepidoptera'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Community ecology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='climate change'/><title type='text'>數十年來氣候暖化造成熱帶高山蛾類不對稱的分布界限位移</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AmOT2mk0R_s/TJWZrvbIMyI/AAAAAAAAA7M/pWr0tEUgaLA/s1600/2706915572_b01245ef62_o.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 268px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AmOT2mk0R_s/TJWZrvbIMyI/AAAAAAAAA7M/pWr0tEUgaLA/s400/2706915572_b01245ef62_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5518485895156085538" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;圖片來源：&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/2706915572/"&gt;Bettaman&lt;/a&gt;, Kinabalu Mountain Range and its Flora on 3500m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;文獻來源：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;I-C Chen, JK Hill, H-J Shiu, JD Holloway, S Benedick, VK Chey, HS Barlow and CD Thomas. 2010. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;Asymmetric boundary shifts of tropical montane Lepidoptera over four decades of climate warming. Global Ecology and Biogeography. DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00594.x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 255);"&gt;www.blackwellpublishing.com/geb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;本文之研究群曾於PNAS (2009) 發表過本研究的初步探討分析，詳見&lt;a href="http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2009/02/blog-post_6553.html"&gt;這篇部落格介紹文章：氣候暖化造成熱帶型高山的蛾類群落往較高海拔移動 &lt;/a&gt;，本文為對其資料進行較深入的比較與分析。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;摘要：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;目標&lt;/span&gt; 評估物種因應氣候變遷而移動其分布界限移動（寒冷的海拔上限與溫暖的分布下限）之現象，是否是以相等的速度發生。作者首先針對熱帶昆蟲提出證據，測試山區蛾類海拔分布上限與下界之移動，同時也考慮到熱帶山地物種之威脅。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;地點&lt;/span&gt; 馬來西亞沙巴州 京那巴魯山&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;方法&lt;/span&gt; 作者於2007年調查京那巴魯山的尺蛾，與1965年所作的調查資料進行比較。物種的海拔分布上限和下界均有改變，海拔廣度和範圍地區均有評估。作者隨 機在幾年間進行亞取樣以確保有可進行比較之資料。資料分析的評估針對特有種和廣布種進行比較，以及在不同海拔高度達到其分布界限之物種。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;結果&lt;/span&gt; 分布上限在2500–2700 m的物種（n = 28）皆撤退其上限與下界，且平均分布有收縮的趨勢(垂直分布約減少300 m, 分布範圍之面積約減少45 km2)。這些消退可能與雲量的變化有關，以及其他地理障蔽的影響(如地質與植被的轉變)可能阻擋其往山頂移動。除了這組物種外，大部份的物種（n = 109, 占本調查約80%）拓展了其分布的上限(平均約152 m)，且較其撤退的下界(77m)更多。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;主要結論 &lt;/span&gt;在沒有阻礙的情形下，往山頂遷移的前進邊緣挪動較下限的退縮快速，因此許多物種因而擴增了其海拔分布之廣度。然而此結果並不表示分布範圍區域有所增加， 原因是可使用的的陸地面積會隨著海拔的上升縮減。接近山區主要生態上/地質上交會帶之物種受到兩面包抄而縮減其分布範圍區域。儘管目前尚未分布未及的棲地 是可以獲得的，這些物種可能早在將分布提升到山頂之前、就已面臨了物種滅絕的危機。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Aim&lt;/span&gt; To estimate whether species have shifted at equal rates at their leading edges (cool boundaries) and trailing edges (warm boundaries) in response to climate change. We provide the first such evidence for tropical insects, here examining elevation shifts for the upper and lower boundaries shifts of montane moths. Threats to species on tropical mountains are considered.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Location&lt;/span&gt; Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Methods &lt;/span&gt;We surveyed Lepidoptera (Geometridae) on Mount Kinabalu in 2007, 42 years after the previous surveys in 1965. Changes in species upper and lower boundaries, elevational extents and range areas were assessed. We randomly subsampled the data to ensure comparable datasets between years. Estimated shifts were compared for endemic versus more widespread species, and for species that reached their range limits at different elevations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Results&lt;/span&gt; Species that reached their upper limits at 2500–2700 m (n = 28 species, 20% of those considered) retreated at both their lower and upper boundaries, and hence showed substantial average range contractions (-300 m in elevational extent and -45 km2 in estimated range area). These declines may be associated with changes in cloud cover and the presence of ecological barriers (geological and vegetation transitions) which impede uphill movement. Other than this group, most species (n = 109, 80% of the species considered) expanded their upper boundaries&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;upwards (by an average of 152 m) more than they retreated at their lower boundaries (77 m).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Main conclusions&lt;/span&gt; Without constraints, leading margins shifted uphill faster than trailing margins retreated, such that many species increased their elevational extents. However, this did not result in increases in range area because the area of land available declines with increasing elevation. Species close to a major ecological/geological transition zone on the mountain flank declined in their range areas. Extinction risk may increase long before species reach the summit, even when undisturbed habitats are available.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-8132710363034601506?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/8132710363034601506/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=8132710363034601506' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8132710363034601506'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8132710363034601506'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/09/blog-post_18.html' title='數十年來氣候暖化造成熱帶高山蛾類不對稱的分布界限位移'/><author><name>Enya</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06600932204106461234</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AmOT2mk0R_s/TJWZrvbIMyI/AAAAAAAAA7M/pWr0tEUgaLA/s72-c/2706915572_b01245ef62_o.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-776110509759198801</id><published>2010-09-18T02:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-23T02:39:20.460-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Zygaenidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Field Observation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='morphology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Behavioural ecology'/><title type='text'>燕尾薄翅斑蛾的性擇-"對稱性"影響野外交配成功機率</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://insects.life.coocan.jp/Photo/Usubatsubamega2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 368px; height: 276px;" src="http://insects.life.coocan.jp/Photo/Usubatsubamega2.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;圖. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Elcysma westwoodii ♂/♀ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;from&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://insects.life.coocan.jp/Others/Usubatsubamega.htm"&gt;昆蟲館&lt;/a&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;a href="http://insects.life.coocan.jp/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;http://insects.life.coocan.jp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;文獻來源&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Koshio C., Muraji M., Tatsuta H, and Kudo S. 2007.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; Sexual selection in a moth: effect of symmetry on male mating success in the wild. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Behavioral Ecology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;18(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;: 571-578 [&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/3/571.abstract"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;文章簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;性擇常被討論的兩個議題雌性性擇(female choice)以及雄性競爭(male-male competition)，而這兩種現象常會一起作用使得對性擇有益的特徵(或基因)被強化&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;註一)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sexual antagonistic="" coevolution=""&gt;&lt;sexual conflict="" coevolution=""&gt;&lt;sexual conflict="" coevolution=""&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;。Koshio et al. (2007)以寄主植物為薔薇科，且為一夫制(monandrous)的燕尾薄翅斑蛾(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Elcysma westwoodii&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;)來探討性擇的議題，藉由測量成功交配以及競爭失利的雄性個體的體重、前翅後翅長、尾突長和抱持器長，以及兩側對稱(包含前翅後翅長、尾突長和抱持器長)的不對稱波動(FA, fluctuating asymmetry被認為可能與調節基因與環境壓力有關，會造成完美對稱的偏離&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sexual&gt;&lt;/sexual&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;)，結果發現抱持器較對稱、後翅以及觸角較長且對稱的雄性個體較受雌性青睞，抱持器和觸角的大小跟其不對稱波動則是呈現負相關，Koshio et al.推測不對稱波動在性擇某方面間接或直接的影響到交配的成功，例如抱持器在此類斑蛾對抗雌性想掙脫交配時扮演很重要的角色，不對稱可能會使其無法穩固的抓住雌性。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sexual&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;sexual antagonistic="" coevolution=""&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sexual&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;sexual antagonistic="" coevolution=""&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;註一、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sexual&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;性擇特徵的部分在兩性間會造成衝突，則會形成共演化 (sexual conflict/antagonistic coevolution)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-776110509759198801?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/776110509759198801/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=776110509759198801' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/776110509759198801'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/776110509759198801'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/09/blog-post_573.html' title='燕尾薄翅斑蛾的性擇-&quot;對稱性&quot;影響野外交配成功機率'/><author><name>劉胖丁</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06945621085087805238</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-8012639589602987294</id><published>2010-09-08T22:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-20T02:02:06.670-07:00</updated><title type='text'>性別及海拔影響入侵種麥蛾之翅型變異</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.senasa.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/2/JER/VIGI_PLAGAS_TECIA/Tecia%20adulto%20250_p1.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 198px;" src="http://www.senasa.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/2/JER/VIGI_PLAGAS_TECIA/Tecia%20adulto%20250_p1.JPG" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15.8333px; "&gt;Fig. &lt;i&gt;Tecia solanivora &lt;/i&gt;from &lt;a href="http://www.senasa.gob.pe/0/modulos/JER/JER_Interna.aspx?ARE=0&amp;amp;PFL=2&amp;amp;JER=834"&gt;SENASA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.senasa.gob.pe/0/modulos/JER/JER_Interna.aspx?ARE=0&amp;amp;PFL=2&amp;amp;JER=834"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;文獻來源&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hernández-L N, Barragán AR, Dupas S, Silvain JF, Dangles O. 2010.&lt;/b&gt; Wing shape variations in an invasive moth are related to sexual dimorphism and altitude. &lt;i&gt;Bulletin of Entomological Research&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;100(5)&lt;/b&gt;: 529-541 [&lt;a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102659"&gt;abstract&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;文章簡介&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;關於&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;翅型的研究非常廣泛包含了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;氣體動力學、熱能調節、動物行為(求偶、擬態、警戒)等等，而翅型的改變也與環境因子(包含氣壓、太陽輻射、溫度等)息息相關，然而相關的研究卻很少著墨於外來入侵種的翅型改變，但外來入侵種是個相當好的題材用來探討翅型改變與環境適應的關係，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Hernández-L. et al. (2010)便&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;藉由以馬鈴薯塊莖為寄主的外來入侵種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Tecia solanivora，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;探討入侵種適應不同環境的型態改變，主要的採樣地點位於厄瓜多，從海拔2400m~3280m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;十二個採集點的樣本進行幾何型態測量(Geometric morphometrics)並加以分析。在性別方面，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;結果支持此物種具有翅型的雌雄二型性(sexual dimorphism)，雌性的翅型較雄性來的寬，長度則無差異，此與雌性個體越大生殖力越高的假說相符；在海拔因子影響下，高海拔的翅型較&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;低海拔翅型來得大且狹窄，此現象符合氣體動力學的推論。另外，結果也顯示外來種適應環境改變型態與非入侵種一致，說明了適應環境的型態改變可以短時間成形的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-8012639589602987294?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/8012639589602987294/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=8012639589602987294' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8012639589602987294'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8012639589602987294'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/09/blog-post.html' title='性別及海拔影響入侵種麥蛾之翅型變異'/><author><name>劉胖丁</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06945621085087805238</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-8741778441185855699</id><published>2010-09-03T02:12:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-09T05:54:01.780-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geometroidea'/><title type='text'>Eois屬的分子親緣關係重建(鱗翅目，尺蛾科)：在新熱帶區高物種多樣性的物種其翅紋以及寄主演化在新熱帶區高物種多樣性的物種其翅紋以及寄主植物利用演化探討</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源：PATRICK STRUTZENBERGER, GUNNAR BREHM, FLORIAN BODNER &amp;amp; KONRAD FIEDLER. 2010. &lt;/span&gt;Molecular phylogeny of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Eois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt; (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): evolution of wing patterns and host plant use in a species rich group of Neotropical moths. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Zoologica Scripta&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;作者們利用CO1以及Ef1a重建新熱帶區&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Eois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;屬的親緣關係。在此研究中新熱帶區的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Eois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;屬單系性是被支持的，並且與舊世界的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Eois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;屬形成姐妹群。在這研究中一共有10個單系群被支持(其中包含1個舊世界&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Eois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;屬所組成的單系群)。利用已有寄主紀錄mapping的結果，胡椒科植物是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Eois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;屬的祖先寄主植物(ancestral food plant)。然而寄主紀錄中以亦有苦苣苔科以及Monimiaceae的紀錄，而此也顯示&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Eois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;屬中不同單系群對於寄主植物正從胡椒科植物平行演化至不同科植物中。另外根據此研究結果，作者推論褐黃翅紋可能為&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Eois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;屬的祖徵或是由趨同演化而來，但是還是需要更多不同地理區的樣本以探討。然而其他翅紋模式與&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Eois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"  &gt;屬中各個單系群具有相當高的關聯性，而這樣的翅紋模式作者則認為是由一次演化而得。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-8741778441185855699?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/8741778441185855699/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=8741778441185855699' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8741778441185855699'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8741778441185855699'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/09/eois.html' title='Eois屬的分子親緣關係重建(鱗翅目，尺蛾科)：在新熱帶區高物種多樣性的物種其翅紋以及寄主演化在新熱帶區高物種多樣性的物種其翅紋以及寄主植物利用演化探討'/><author><name>MLSR</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13832735339872086274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-5479751472416982183</id><published>2010-08-29T19:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-08T23:30:05.712-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='morphology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='wing pattern analysis'/><title type='text'>生殖器與翅紋的型態測量檢視灰蝶科Cupido屬的分類</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/CupidoMinimusAC1.jpg/350px-CupidoMinimusAC1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 420px; height: 324px;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/CupidoMinimusAC1.jpg/350px-CupidoMinimusAC1.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;圖:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;Cupido &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;minimus ♂/♀ &lt;/i&gt;來源: &lt;a href="http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CupidoMinimusAC1.jpg"&gt;Wikispecies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Celia G. Prieto, Miguel L. Munguira and Helena Romo. 2009.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="display: inline ! important;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;Morphometric analysis of genitalia and wing pattern elements &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="display: inline ! important;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;in the genus &lt;/span&gt;Cupido&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt; (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae): a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="display: inline ! important;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;re &lt;i&gt;Cupido minimus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C. carswelli&lt;/i&gt; different species? &lt;i&gt;Deutsche Entomologische ZeitSchrift &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;56&lt;/b&gt;(1): 137-147 (&lt;a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mmnd.200900012/pdf"&gt;fulltext&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;灰蝶科&lt;i&gt;Cupido&lt;/i&gt;屬包含六個物種，其中&lt;i&gt;C. minimus&lt;/i&gt;、&lt;i&gt;C. lorquinii&lt;/i&gt;及&lt;i&gt;C. osiris&lt;/i&gt;三種後翅無尾突形成一個狹義的&lt;i&gt;Cupido&lt;/i&gt;群，另外有一物種&lt;i&gt;C. carswelli&lt;/i&gt;則是備受爭議，有學者認為它只是&lt;i&gt;C. minimus&lt;/i&gt;的一個亞種，但也有人認為是一個完全獨立的種。在 Prieto et al. (2009)則是藉由生殖器以及翅紋的型態測量重新探討狹義&lt;i&gt;Cupido&lt;/i&gt;群的分類，所選取的特徵包含生殖器: 鉤狀器(uncus)的長寬、抱器(valva)的長寬、叉狀器(furca)的長寬、以及陰莖(aedeagus)的長寬；翅紋: 前翅的長寬和翅上的斑點相對位置以及距離等，測量的數據以多變量分析以及組成份分析(PCA)來探討，結果顯示&lt;i&gt;C. lorquinii&lt;/i&gt;及&lt;i&gt;C. osiris&lt;/i&gt;是明顯異於&lt;i&gt;C. minimus&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;及&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;C. carswelli&lt;/i&gt;兩個獨立的種，而&lt;i&gt;C. minimus&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;及&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;C. carswelli&lt;/i&gt;從生殖器或是翅紋的測量結果，都支持兩個應該為同一種，另外，主成分分析則顯示出在&lt;i&gt;Cupido&lt;/i&gt;群內，翅紋並不是個鑑別種的好特徵。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-5479751472416982183?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/5479751472416982183/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=5479751472416982183' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5479751472416982183'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/5479751472416982183'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/08/cupido.html' title='生殖器與翅紋的型態測量檢視灰蝶科Cupido屬的分類'/><author><name>劉胖丁</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06945621085087805238</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-7942204967148139565</id><published>2010-08-24T00:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-08T22:58:47.712-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Arctiidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><title type='text'>新熱帶地區燈蛾亞科燈蛾族Mallodeta及Erruca兩屬之回顧及有效性回復</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pinheiro LR &amp;amp; Duarte M. 2010.&lt;/b&gt; Revision of Neotropical moth genera &lt;i&gt;Mallodeta&lt;/i&gt; Butler and &lt;i&gt;Erruca&lt;/i&gt; Walker, revalidate (Noctuidae, Arctiidae, Arctiini, Euchromiina). &lt;i&gt;Zootaxa&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;2573&lt;/b&gt;: 1-34&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;簡介:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Euchromiina為燈蛾亞科燈蛾族(註1)中被認為與膜翅目擬態的一群，因擬蜂的外部型態，在科级的分類階層曾經被誤置於斑蛾科(Zygaenidae)中，也曾經被放在由擬蜂類群所組成的鹿蛾科(Syntomidae)(現在大多數被歸為為燈蛾亞科的一個鹿蛾族&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;內)，其姊妹群為同為燈蛾族中的Ctenuchiina，但其單系性仍然有待檢視。Pinheiro及Duarte(2010)回顧、恢復並重新描述此亞族中的兩個屬，並建立六個同物異名，其中的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Mallodeta &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Butler僅包含一個模式種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;M. clavata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt; (Walker, 1854)，此屬後翅之形狀、具發達的聽器以及與&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;膜翅目擬態&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;細腰是與其他擬蜂物種鑑別的特徵。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Erruca&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt; Walker連同模式種共有七個種，不發達的聽器、腹背板有白色的斑點以及&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;足部&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;各節末端白色為此屬之共有演徵。作者除了重新描述兩個屬，更詳細描述屬內各個物種的生態習性、型態以及分布資訊，並建立了檢所表。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Noctuidae&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;Arctiinae&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;Arctiini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;             &lt;/span&gt;Euchromiina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mallodeta&lt;/i&gt; Butler, 1876&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;M. clavata&lt;/i&gt; (Walker, 1854)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;*&lt;i&gt;M. simplex&lt;/i&gt; Rothschild, 1931&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Erruca&lt;/i&gt; Walker, 1854&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;*Aristodaema Wallegren, 1858&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;*Rezia Kirby, 1892 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. deyrolii &lt;/i&gt;Walker, 1854&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;*&lt;i&gt;Laemocharis aecyra&lt;/i&gt; Herrich-Sch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;äffer, 1854&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;*&lt;i&gt;Hyda sortita&lt;/i&gt; Walker, 1854&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. consors&lt;/i&gt; (Walker, 1854)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. erythrarchos&lt;/i&gt; (Walker,1854)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. cardinalis&lt;/i&gt; (Hampson, 1898)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. hanga&lt;/i&gt; (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. cruenta&lt;/i&gt; (Perty, 1833)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt;                     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. sanguipuncta&lt;/i&gt; (Druce, 1898)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;*&lt;i&gt;Mallodeta cubana&lt;/i&gt; Gaede, 1926 為&lt;i&gt;Phoenicoprocta capistrata&lt;/i&gt; (Fabricius, 1775)之同物異名&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;註1. 此篇文章採用新的高階分類系統，燈蛾科被降為夜蛾科中的一個亞科。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;註2. *為同物異名&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Abstract:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Mallodeta Butler and Erruca Walker, revalidated, are redescribed and revised. Mallodeta henceforth includes only its type-species, Glaucopis (Lycorea) clavata Walker, and Erruca is resurrected with seven species: E. deyrolii Walker (type-species), E. consors (Walker), new combination, E. erythrarchos (Walker), new combination, E. cardinalis (Hampson), new combination, E. hanga (Herrich-Schäffer), new combination, E. cruenta (Perty), new combination and E. sanguipuncta (Druce), new combination. Six new synonyms are established, four specific and two generic (junior synonyms in parentheses): Zygaena capistrata Fabricius (=Mallodeta cubana Gaede), Glaucopis (Lycorea) clavata Walker (=M. simplex Rothschild), Erruca deyrolii Walker (=Laemocharis aecyra Herrich-Schäffer and Glaucopis (Hyda) sortita Walker), and Erruca Walker (=Aristodaema Wallengren and Rezia Kirby). Lectotypes are designated to the following species: Erruca deyrolii Walker, Laemocharis deyrollei Herrich-Schäffer, Laemocharis hanga Herrich-Schäffer, Laemocharis aecyra Herrich-Schäffer, Laemocharis norma Herrich-Schäffer, Cosmosoma cardinalis Hampson and Mallodeta sanguipuncta Druce. Illustrations of adults and male and female genitalia of Mallodeta and Erruca are provided, as well as a key to the species of the latter.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-7942204967148139565?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/7942204967148139565/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=7942204967148139565' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/7942204967148139565'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/7942204967148139565'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/08/mallodetaerruca.html' title='新熱帶地區燈蛾亞科燈蛾族Mallodeta及Erruca兩屬之回顧及有效性回復'/><author><name>劉胖丁</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06945621085087805238</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-6384966703235071103</id><published>2010-08-19T03:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-19T04:08:43.419-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='pre-adaptation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Prodoxidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='evolution'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='plant-insect interactions'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ancestral trait estimation'/><title type='text'>絲蘭蛾演化出專一性互利共生關係只需要少許特徵改變</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AmOT2mk0R_s/TG0OFSTxbgI/AAAAAAAAA6E/BRZethhnI2k/s1600/yucca+moth.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 374px; height: 300px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AmOT2mk0R_s/TG0OFSTxbgI/AAAAAAAAA6E/BRZethhnI2k/s400/yucca+moth.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507073403320888834" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;產卵中的絲蘭蛾，圖片來源：&lt;a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/654584/yucca-moth"&gt;&lt;span owner="" class="owner " type="INSERT"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Encyclopædia Britannica&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 204);"&gt;文獻來源&lt;/span&gt;: Yoder, J.B., Smith, C.I. &amp;amp; Pellmyr, O. 2010.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;How to become a yucca moth: minimal trait evolution needed to establish the obligate pollination mutualism. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Biological Journal of the Linnean Society&lt;/span&gt; 100: 847–855. With 2 figures&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;專一傳粉者與植物，經典的例子如絲蘭與絲蘭蛾（絲蘭僅依靠絲蘭蛾傳粉，而絲蘭蛾幼蟲只取食絲蘭之種子），兩者之間互利共生的起源似乎需要大量的特徵演化與特化。為了瞭解實際參與建立互利共生關係、而不是在適應前就已經產生的特徵所佔程度之多寡，作者利用延伸的親緣關係評估與對深度分化類群以改進過的方式取樣，以首次重建傳粉的絲蘭蛾和它們不傳粉的親戚之間的特徵演化。作者的研究結果顯示，許多絲蘭蛾的重要生活史特徵，諸如：幼蟲於植物的胚珠內取食、成蟲具有具切割功能的特殊產卵管以及在乾燥環境中的單子葉木本植物上拓殖等特徵，可能在絲蘭蛾專一性互利共生的特徵出現之前就已經存在。有了這些先存特徵，互利共生特性的絲蘭蛾的新特徵即&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;不外乎活躍的傳粉行為和可促進花粉收集和儲存之觸手狀附屬物。上述結果暗示高度專一性的互利共生現象是奠基於早期絲蘭蛾科和其寄主植物的先存交互作用基礎之上，再透過微小的特徵演化而產生。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_AmOT2mk0R_s/TG0Pl4K9fTI/AAAAAAAAA6M/uh-EeOGYSY4/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2010-08-19+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%885.38.14.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 328px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_AmOT2mk0R_s/TG0Pl4K9fTI/AAAAAAAAA6M/uh-EeOGYSY4/s400/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2010-08-19+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%885.38.14.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5507075062751919410" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;由圖中(原文Figure 2.)可看出絲蘭蛾之祖先類群為廣食性，食草範圍包括單子葉和雙子葉植物，取食部位包括有花、胚珠、莖與葉片等，而後其遠親分化為以雙子葉植物為食，絲蘭蛾科與其近緣類群由取食薔薇科的成員演化至以木本單子葉植物為寄主植物：絲蘭蛾科朝以龍舌蘭科為食、取食胚珠部位的方向演化，其近緣類群假絲蘭蛾屬(&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Prodoxus&lt;/span&gt;)的物種以絲蘭和龍舌蘭的莖和果實為食。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Abstract &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;The origins of obligate pollination mutualisms, such as the classic yucca–yucca moth association, appear to requireextensive trait evolution and specialization. To understand the extent to which traits truly evolved as part of　establishing the mutualistic relationship, rather than being pre-adaptations, we used an expanded phylogenetic　estimate with improved sampling of deeply-diverged groups to perform the first formal reconstruction of trait　evolution in pollinating yucca moths and their nonpollinating relatives. Our analysis demonstrates that key　life-history traits of yucca moths, including larval feeding in the floral ovary and the associated specialized cutting　ovipositor, as well as colonization of woody monocots in xeric habitats, may have been established before the　obligate mutualism with yuccas. Given these pre-existing traits, novel traits in the mutualist moths are limited to　the active pollination behaviours and the tentacular appendages that facilitate pollen collection and deposition.　These results suggest that a highly specialized obligate mutualism was built on the foundation of pre-existing　interactions between early Prodoxidae and their host plants, and arose with minimal trait evolution.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-6384966703235071103?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/6384966703235071103/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=6384966703235071103' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6384966703235071103'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/6384966703235071103'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/08/blog-post_19.html' title='絲蘭蛾演化出專一性互利共生關係只需要少許特徵改變'/><author><name>Enya</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06600932204106461234</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AmOT2mk0R_s/TG0OFSTxbgI/AAAAAAAAA6E/BRZethhnI2k/s72-c/yucca+moth.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-535934015987963</id><published>2010-08-16T23:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-16T23:58:15.072-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Research trends'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Forum Herbulot'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geometroidea'/><title type='text'>Forum Herbulot Newsletter 1 (1)已發行   </title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TGousq5mQ7I/AAAAAAAAHZI/dINDU-ioRrI/s1600/FH.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 262px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TGousq5mQ7I/AAAAAAAAHZI/dINDU-ioRrI/s400/FH.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5506264839378846642" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.geometridae.de/"&gt;Forum Herbulot&lt;/a&gt;是一個國際尺蛾學者社群, 該社群於2001年由德國幕尼黑動物學博物館(ZSM)的尺蛾科學者Axel Hausmann所發起, 而發起該組織的緣由乃是因為於2006年去逝的&lt;a href="http://www.zsm.mwn.de/lep/teilsammlg.htm"&gt;Claude Herbulot捐贈大批的尺蛾標本&lt;/a&gt;給ZSM, 進而促成ZSM發起這個國際性社群. Herbulot Forum被創立至今已經舉辦過&lt;a href="http://www.geometridae.de/Herbulot_Reg/for_herb.htm"&gt;多次研討會&lt;/a&gt;, 對於尺蛾研究社群資訊交換與研究推進有非常大的貢獻. 然而自此Forum成立至今並沒有任何相關刊物發行, 經上次會議討論後決議由今年起不定期地發行電子版的通訊Forum Herbulot Newsletter以增進資訊的傳遞. 第一期可由&lt;a href="http://docs.google.com/fileview?id=0B9qG79eWgEoIOTExMGNmOWItY2ZmNy00YWJmLWEwYmEtNWZhMjMwOGQ5MWU1&amp;amp;hl=zh_TW"&gt;此處&lt;/a&gt;下載. 此外, 目前全球針對特定鱗翅目分類群所集結的新興研究社群, 依據我所知道的羅列如下:&lt;br /&gt;尺蛾總科: &lt;a href="http://www.geometridae.de/"&gt;Forum Herbulot&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;螟蛾總科: &lt;a href="http://www.pyraloidea.org/"&gt;GlobIZ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;蛺蝶科: &lt;a href="http://nymphalidae.utu.fi/"&gt;Nymphalidae Systematics Group&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;毒蛺蝶亞科: &lt;a href="http://www.heliconius.org/"&gt;Heliconius Homepage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;捲蛾科: &lt;a href="http://www.tortricidae.com/"&gt;Tortricid.net&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;旋蛾總科: &lt;a href="http://www.gelechioidea.info/"&gt;Gelechioidea.info&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;蕈蛾科: &lt;a href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/tineidae/"&gt;Global Tienidae Database&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-535934015987963?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/535934015987963/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=535934015987963' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/535934015987963'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/535934015987963'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/08/forumherbulotnewsletter11.html' title='Forum Herbulot Newsletter 1 (1)已發行   '/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TGousq5mQ7I/AAAAAAAAHZI/dINDU-ioRrI/s72-c/FH.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-3172457881322244355</id><published>2010-08-10T07:18:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-10T23:43:22.922-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Learning'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hostplant utilization'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hesperiidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Behavioural ecology'/><title type='text'>掠食性黃蜂學習克服弄蝶幼蟲之防禦性巢室</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源：Weiss MR, Wilson EE &amp;amp; Castellanos I (2004) &lt;/span&gt;Predatory wasps learn to overcome the shelter defences of their larval prey. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;Animal Behaviour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;68:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt; 45-54. [&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;amp;_udi=B6W9W-4CBDBWF-3&amp;amp;_user=10&amp;amp;_coverDate=07%2F31%2F2004&amp;amp;_rdoc=1&amp;amp;_fmt=high&amp;amp;_orig=search&amp;amp;_sort=d&amp;amp;_docanchor=&amp;amp;view=c&amp;amp;_searchStrId=1426882587&amp;amp;_rerunOrigin=google&amp;amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;amp;_version=1&amp;amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;amp;_userid=10&amp;amp;md5=622c5b2fccf4c1132ba28cadd56937af"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 204);font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;簡介：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;銀斑弄蝶 (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;Epargyreus clarus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;) 的幼蟲會利用豆科食草造巢。自然界中其掠食者長腳蜂 (Polistes spp. ) 會降落在巢室上，快速地取出並殺死幼蟲，但由實驗室孵化出的長腳蜂卻極少數地取出並殺死巢室中的幼蟲。為了了解學習是否有助於長腳蜂成功掠食巢中幼蟲， Weiss 等人測試兩種黃蜂 (&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Polistes fuscatus&lt;/span&gt; 和 &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Polistes dominulus&lt;/span&gt;) 在遇到(1)寄主植物上開放巢室的幼蟲以及(2)非寄主植物無巢室的幼蟲之前後反應。實驗結果顯示，掠食者在成功地殺死開放巢室中可見的幼蟲後，大部分的掠食者都可以成功捕食巢室中的幼蟲；反之掠食者在捕食無巢室之幼蟲後，通常之後無法打開巢室。因此，Weiss等人認為黃蜂必須經過學習，將幼蟲的味道和巢室相關的信號 (例如絲及葉子的破損) 作聯結，在野外幼蟲在巢室中或巢室周圍取食或作巢即會暴露於掠食者，幼蟲的密度也會影響到掠食者學習的機會。此篇文章也證實無脊椎掠食者可以透過學習來客服獵物之防禦行為，並成功取食先前無法取得之獵物。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-3172457881322244355?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/3172457881322244355/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=3172457881322244355' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3172457881322244355'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/3172457881322244355'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/08/blog-post_10.html' title='掠食性黃蜂學習克服弄蝶幼蟲之防禦性巢室'/><author><name>Lori</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08779387322568568142</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-8596481750047635398</id><published>2010-08-09T06:57:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-09T08:01:13.528-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='TORTS'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Research trends'/><title type='text'>捲蛾網2.0改版</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TGAJXF8DT7I/AAAAAAAAHYA/Mp43fMuoZb8/s1600/tortricidnet-entire-no-pics.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 75px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TGAJXF8DT7I/AAAAAAAAHYA/Mp43fMuoZb8/s400/tortricidnet-entire-no-pics.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5503409036982439858" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.tortricidae.com/"&gt;新版網頁&lt;/a&gt;之主要內容更新項目如下:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;全球捲蛾名錄已由2008年中的基礎更新至最近已發表文獻之物種記錄, 並加入作者與館藏地點的搜尋功能, 而各物種之模式標本照片也已經與名錄連結&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;捲蛾文獻庫上網! 目前資料庫中有5300筆的記錄, 並可根據作者, 年代, 關鍵詞進行搜尋. 此外大約有超過300筆的文獻記錄是具有可下載的pdf檔&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;加入TORTS通訊的連結&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;捲蛾DNA庫"TortriciDNA"已經被加入, 可搜尋具有酒精保存標本的物種以及捲蛾分子研究工作的基礎操作流程&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-8596481750047635398?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/8596481750047635398/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=8596481750047635398' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8596481750047635398'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8596481750047635398'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/08/20.html' title='捲蛾網2.0改版'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TGAJXF8DT7I/AAAAAAAAHYA/Mp43fMuoZb8/s72-c/tortricidnet-entire-no-pics.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-7421095205474039015</id><published>2010-08-09T06:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-09T06:40:28.044-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Research trends'/><title type='text'>The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera自2009年全新改版後將朝全文免費下載與更新編輯陣容方向發展</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TGAFLa1iFBI/AAAAAAAAHX4/uMZJQ4JEGG4/s1600/JRL43_tristissmall.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 309px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TGAFLa1iFBI/AAAAAAAAHX4/uMZJQ4JEGG4/s400/JRL43_tristissmall.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5503404438387299346" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-size:85%;" &gt;有關這個期刊的多災多難歷史我曾經在&lt;a href="http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2009/04/journal-of-research-on-lepidoptera.html"&gt;2009年小小提了一下&lt;/a&gt;, 最近這個期刊由據說很有錢的Lepidoptera Research Foundation接手財務, 而且將在未來更新編輯群並將過去的期刊通通上網變成免錢可下載的資源, 此外新的編輯群決定未來每年都有優良論文的選拔, 獎金是1000美金, 此外也希望在最短時間內將此期刊送進ISI. &lt;a href="http://www.lepidopteraresearchfoundation.org/"&gt;新的網址&lt;/a&gt;在此. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-7421095205474039015?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/7421095205474039015/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=7421095205474039015' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/7421095205474039015'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/7421095205474039015'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/08/journal-of-research-on-lepidoptera2009.html' title='The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera自2009年全新改版後將朝全文免費下載與更新編輯陣容方向發展'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TGAFLa1iFBI/AAAAAAAAHX4/uMZJQ4JEGG4/s72-c/JRL43_tristissmall.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-1189078191970967151</id><published>2010-08-06T01:24:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-06T01:37:46.299-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geometroidea'/><title type='text'>後眉尺蛾屬回顧與中國產四新種發表</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TFvHHvFEIjI/AAAAAAAAAew/WK_I8cFiqeA/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2010-08-06+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%884.33.26.png"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 334px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TFvHHvFEIjI/AAAAAAAAAew/WK_I8cFiqeA/s400/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2010-08-06+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%884.33.26.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502210305473913394" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;文獻來源: Jiang, N. D. Xue &amp;amp; H. Han. 2010. A review of &lt;i&gt;Jankowskia&lt;/i&gt; Oberthür, 1884, with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa. 2559: 1-16.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;此文章回顧後眉尺蛾屬(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Jankowskia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; Oberthür, 1884&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;)並發表中國特有之四新種以及一新紀錄種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;，使此屬目前已知的物種樹達到9種。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;台灣產物種有特有種 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/dacs5/System/Exhibition/Detail.jsp?OID=4185115"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;J. taiwanensis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/dacs5/System/Exhibition/Detail.jsp?OID=4185115"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; Sato, 1980&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;，為目前已知此屬體型最大者，主要分布於低中海拔原生林，一年一代而成蟲發生於7~8月間，數量並不多。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;相關參考文獻: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Sato, R. 1980. A revision of the genus Jankowskia Oberthür (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Tyô to Ga, 30 (3&amp;amp;4): 127–139.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'; min-height: 12.0px"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px 'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Abstract &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 10.0px; font: 10.0px 'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;The genus &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Jankowskia &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Oberthür, 1884 is reviewed and four new species are described: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;curva &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;J. acuta &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;J. improjecta &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;, and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;J. obtusangula &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;J. bituminaria raddensis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;(Wehrli, 1941) is recorded for the first time from China. A key to all species of the genus is provided. The diagnoses for all species are given. Illustrations of adults and genitalia are presented.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-1189078191970967151?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/1189078191970967151/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=1189078191970967151' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/1189078191970967151'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/1189078191970967151'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/08/blog-post_06.html' title='後眉尺蛾屬回顧與中國產四新種發表'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TFvHHvFEIjI/AAAAAAAAAew/WK_I8cFiqeA/s72-c/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2010-08-06+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%884.33.26.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-4866187268015677398</id><published>2010-08-02T20:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-04T08:57:13.843-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Noctuidae'/><title type='text'>廣義喜馬拉雅山系產之夜蛾科木夜蛾族研究進展</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/4378592360/" title="100206 合歡山 小風口 Xylena tatajiana Chang, 1991 Female by Bettaman, on Flickr"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4069/4378592360_170a209889.jpg" width="400" height="256" alt="100206 合歡山 小風口 Xylena tatajiana Chang, 1991 Female" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#CCCCCC;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Xylena tatajiana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#CCCCCC;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt; Chang, 1991&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Ronkay, G., L. Ronkay, P. Gyulai &amp;amp; H. H. Hacker. 2010. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;New Xylenini (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Xyleninae) species and genera from the wide sense Himalayan region. Esperiana 15: 245-358.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px 'Lucida Grande'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;本文針對擁有豐富物種數的廣義喜馬拉雅山系之木夜蛾亞科木夜蛾族，進行了新分類群的描述與類群比較，共計發表4新屬、46新種以及7新亞種。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;有關台灣產類群的分類學以及其與近緣新分類群的研究介紹如下&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Xylena changi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; Horie, 1993 (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 12.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;張氏&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;木冬夜蛾&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;X. sugii&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; Kobayashi, 1993 (杉氏木冬夜蛾)、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;X. tanabei&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; Owada, 1993以及&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;X. plumbeopaca &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Hreblay &amp;amp; Ronkay, 2000 等四物種原本被視為台灣特有種，然而在本文首次紀錄了各個種在中國廣西、廣東、福建以及江西不同的區之分布；此外，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;X. tatajjana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; Change, 1991 (塔塔加木冬夜蛾)於Hreblay &amp;amp; Ronkay (1998)發表了尼泊爾產之亞種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;pectinicornis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;之後，而本文首次紀錄了產自中國廣西的標本，也就是說此屬之台灣類群在現今的研究中皆已非特有種；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;本文新增了台灣特有種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Fabiania pulla&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; Hreblay &amp;amp; Ronkay, 2000 採自宜蘭福山植物園之兩隻雄蟲標本記錄，使此種之已知海拔分布從約2000公尺的中央山脈北段延伸至雪山山系海拔700公尺之山區，成蟲發生期為11~12月；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal 'Heiti TC Light'; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;本文描述&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Nyctycia strigidisca&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;之巴基斯坦喜馬拉雅山區新亞種vargai，此種之台灣族群被描述為特有亞種 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 16.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;N. strigidisca nigridorsi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; Kobayashi, 1998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;；Kobayashi  et al. (1998)發表的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;N. simonyi&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;在此視為中國產&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; "&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;N. hoenei之地理亞種&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;N. hoenei simonyi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;；此外，原本被視為台灣特有種的 N. adnivis於本文紀錄了中國湖南南嶺山區的分布；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;本文發表&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Telorta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;屬之近緣新屬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Gigatelorta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;，模式種指定為產自廣東之&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Telorta falcipennis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Boursin, 1958；此外Kobayashi (2003)所發表的台灣產&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;T. heroies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;亦轉至該新屬中。後者目前已知分布於台灣北部低海拔1000公尺以下山區，成蟲發生期局限於二月份。 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;由以上的資訊顯示，過去多被視為台灣特有種的晚秋至早春發生之夜蛾，經過其他鄰近地域之密集性採集下，有機會瞭解真實的分布情況，本文對廣義喜馬拉雅山產木夜蛾族生物地理學之基礎研究有很大的貢獻。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 13.0px 'Heiti TC Light'"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;4 new Xylenini genera (A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;gasbogas, Gigatelorta, Gaurenoglaea &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; Cupreobole &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;gen. nov.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;), 46 new species (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Agasbogas viridis, Eupsilia metashyu, E. sulphurea, E. yoshimotoi, Lithophane fansipana, L. gonggashana, L. karakorina, Litholomia compromissa, Dryobotodes mikkolai, D. sinjaevi, Antivaleria peregovitsi, Daseutype secunda, Meganyctycia hanhuilini, Fabiania dolorosa, Isolasia intermixta, I. hunana, I. valentina, I. adriennei, P. barna, Plantea fidahusseini, Daseuplexia unicata, D. pittergabori, D. inexpecta, D. oroplexina, D. issekutzi, Dasypolia nekrasovi, D. sylvia, Polymixis chloromixis, P. muluki, Charanyctycia laura, C. maria, Evisa fantastica, Telorta fibigeri, Agrochola csoevarii, A. parki, A. humidalis, Gaurenoglaea misconspicua, G. alternata, Owadaglaea zillii, O. babicsi, Jodia nekrasovi, Elwesia orbiculosa, Hyalobole conistroides, H. medvegymihalyi, Cupreobole adrienneae &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; Tiliacea lineidistincta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;spp. nov.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;) and 7 new subspecies (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Xylena apicimacula ayubia, Eupsilia transversa latipennata, Dryobotodes angusta weiserti, Potnyctycia porphyrea burmana, Agrochola sakabei continentalis, Nyctycia strigidisca vargai and Hyalobole albimacula nigrizonata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;subspp. nov.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;) from the Himalayan region are described. With 21 colour plates and 72 genitalia plates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-4866187268015677398?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/4866187268015677398/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=4866187268015677398' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4866187268015677398'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/4866187268015677398'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/08/blog-post.html' title='廣義喜馬拉雅山系產之夜蛾科木夜蛾族研究進展'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4069/4378592360_170a209889_t.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-8748280945785598972</id><published>2010-07-29T08:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-02T07:26:50.688-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Noctuoidea'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Noctuidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Taxonomy'/><title type='text'>廣義喜馬拉雅山系產之夜蛾科Psaphidinae與Oncocnemidinae新分類群研究</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/4289879527/" title="NSMT_HT_Meganephria debilis ilan Kobayashi &amp;amp;amp; Owada, 1996 Male by Bettaman, on Flickr"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4004/4289879527_9436cf4369.jpg" width="400" height="400" alt="NSMT_HT_Meganephria debilis ilan Kobayashi &amp;amp;amp; Owada, 1996 Male" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;holotype&gt;Meganephria debilis ilan Kobayashi &amp;amp; Owada, 1996 (syn. of &lt;i&gt;M. cinerea ilan&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/holotype&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;文獻來源: Ronkay, G., L. Ronkay, P. Gyulai and H. H. Hacker. 2010. New Psaphidinae and Oncocnemidinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) species and genera from the wide sense Himalayan region. Esperiana 15: 223-244.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;本文描述分布於廣義喜馬拉雅山系地理區之夜蛾科Psaphidinae與Oncocnemidinae之新分類群，共計描述四新屬、七新種以及三新亞種。此兩亞科之成蟲主要發生於晚秋至晚冬晚時期，而與台灣類群相關的分類資訊說明如下:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;描述&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Meganephria cinerea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;之新亞種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;morosa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;，模式產地為陝西太白山，此種之原名亞種分布於日本、韓國以及俄羅斯，台灣則有特有亞種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/4289879527/%20http://hm.tesri.gov.tw/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=811"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;M. c. ilan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;之分布；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;首次描述台灣特有種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/4291524179/in/set-72157623128079611/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Allophyes miali &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Hreblay &amp;amp; Kobayashi, 1997&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;之雄蟲外生殖器結構，此特徵與1997年所描述的雌外生殖器特徵皆支持此物種與分布於中國雲南麗江之&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;A. yuennana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;以及湖北之&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;A. albithorax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;的近緣關係；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;描述原產台灣之特有屬種&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/4291524179/in/set-72157623128079611/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Taipsaphida curiosa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt; Ronkay &amp;amp; Ronkay, 1999&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;之中國南方亞種T. c. fujiani，除模式產地福建之外亦分布於廣西。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Four new genera (&lt;i&gt;Benedekia, Allomeganephria, Fansipania and Beshkovietta &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;gen. nov.&lt;/b&gt;), seven new species (&lt;i&gt;Meganephria &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:arial;font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;(B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:arial;font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;elosticta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:arial;font-size:small;"&gt;)&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:arial;font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt; becheri, M. (B.&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;i&gt; uniformis, Benedekia gaudina, Allomeganephria hollogabori, Fansipania viridistellata, Beshkovietta indigena and Bryomima striata &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;spp. nov.&lt;/b&gt;) and three new subspecies (&lt;i&gt;Meganephria &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:arial;font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;(&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:arial;font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Belosticta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:arial;font-size:small;"&gt;)&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:arial;font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;cinerea morosa, Taipsaphida curiosa fujiani &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Oncocnemis mixtazona honeyi &lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;sspp. nov.&lt;/b&gt;) of Psaphidinae (including Feraliini) and Oncocnemidinae from the Himalayan region are described. With 4 colour plates and 12 genitalia plates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-8748280945785598972?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/8748280945785598972/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=8748280945785598972' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8748280945785598972'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/8748280945785598972'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/07/psaphidinaeoncocnemidinae.html' title='廣義喜馬拉雅山系產之夜蛾科Psaphidinae與Oncocnemidinae新分類群研究'/><author><name>Bettaman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11017642718625580391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4004/4289879527_9436cf4369_t.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-2098576821363266339</id><published>2010-07-28T21:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-07-28T22:11:34.663-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oriental region'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Noctuoidea'/><title type='text'>婆羅洲蛾類誌夜蛾科(廣義)之隆蛾亞科等科群部份已出版</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/4606020060/in/set-72157605825664156/"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 266px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TFENdfrv9eI/AAAAAAAAHXA/oSiNCoFcVXs/s400/4606020060_0332741017.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5499191420368451042" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;文獻來源: Holloway, J.D. 2009.&lt;/span&gt; The Moths of Borneo: Family Noctuidae, subfamilies Pantheinae (part), Bagisartnae, Acontiinae, Aediinae, Eustrotiinae, Bryophilinae, Araeopteroninae, Aventiinae, Eublemminae and further miscellanerous genera. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Malayan Nature Journal&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;62&lt;/span&gt;(1&amp;amp;2): 1-240.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" &gt;摘要:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;Bornean moths in the noctuid subfamilies Pantheinae, Bagaristinae, Acontiinae, Aediinae, Eustrotiinae, Bryophilinae, Araeopteroninae, Aventiinae and Eublemminae are described, though the first two have been partially covered in other parts of this series. The first six belong to the Noctuidae &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;sensu stricto &lt;/span&gt;and the remainder fall within the quadrifine sequence of subfamilies. The Oriental Bagisarinae are reviewed in some detail, with some additions to the genera included. A new concept of the Aventiinae si developed to embrace the majority of the traditional Acontiinae/Eustrotiinae genera in Sundaland and also the Trisatelini. This concept could be broadened to include the Eublemminae and the grouping of genera allied to &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Saroba&lt;/span&gt; Walker, but not to Pangraptinae. Some genera traditionally associated with the Hypeninae, such as &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Prolophota&lt;/span&gt; Hampson, are also included. The treatment convers 270 species distributed over 70 genera. For each species, a diagnosis and the geographical range are given and, where known, details of habitat preference and biology. Summary lists are provided of the new taxa described (4 genera and 88 species) as well as of numerous other taxonomic changes. A checklist of all species summarises the fauna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3263610440814261038-2098576821363266339?l=lepidopterology.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/feeds/2098576821363266339/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3263610440814261038&amp;postID=2098576821363266339' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/2098576821363266339'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3263610440814261038/posts/default/2098576821363266339'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://lepidopterology.blogspot.com/2010/07/blog-post_4504.html' title='婆羅洲蛾類誌夜蛾科(廣義)之隆蛾亞科等科群部份已出版'/><author><name>Absent</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11679992499358698322</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='27' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/S0Qvfaec6uI/AAAAAAAAGHs/qzBbeNTIRLg/S220/20080222.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7PD10If-KW8/TFENdfrv9eI/AAAAAAAAHXA/oSiNCoFcVXs/s72-c/4606020060_0332741017.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3263610440814261038.post-813340628550259089</id><published>2010-07-28T09:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-07-29T02:08:46.264-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Uraniidae'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Biogeography'/><title type='text'>由颱風引起的蛾類長距離傳播- 以東南亞大燕蛾為例</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TFBf1IAqbpI/AAAAAAAAAek/t5P3ZV8_X5g/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2010-07-29+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%8812.29.29.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; display: block; cursor: pointer; width: 349px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_PphixTw2ARA/TFBf1IAqbpI/AAAAAAAAAek/t5P3ZV8_X5g/s400/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2010-07-29+%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%8812.29.29.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5499000511307345554" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: center; font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/1889787759/" title="07.09.05~12 Khao Chong, Thailand- Lyssa zampa (Butler) by Bettaman, on Flickr"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2368/1889787759_a135b8fdcb.jpg" alt="07.09.05~12 Khao Chong, Thailand- Lyssa zampa (Butler)" width="334" height="500" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: center;  color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;此生態影像為泰國南部個體&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: center; font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: justify; font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;文章出處: Tokeshi, M. &amp;amp; M. Yoko-o. 2007. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;New record of the tropical swallowtail moth &lt;i&gt;Lyssa zampa&lt;/i&gt; (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Uraniidae) from mainland Japan. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Entomological Science&lt;/span&gt; 10(1): 103-106(4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: justify; font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: justify; font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;簡介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: justify; font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;對於蛾類藉由風力的被動長距離傳播現象，過去雖然有被觀察過，然而超過1000公里以上的傳播並不多見且不容易被證實。本文對於日本西九州西所新採獲的大燕蛾(&lt;i&gt;Lyssa zampa&lt;/i&gt; (Butler))個體，藉由氣象局所記&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;錄的颱風路徑與形成資訊，提出單一個體由菲律賓受颱風傳播的可能性。此文中亦討論到台灣大燕蛾族群的來源，由於作者認為&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;(1)台灣所採獲標本多不完整且多為偶發紀錄；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;(2)再加上此東南亞廣為分布的物種於該分布地區僅取食大戟科的&lt;i&gt;Endospermum&lt;/i&gt;屬植物，而Yen et al. (1995)推測台灣大燕蛾族群可能的替代寄主是 &lt;i&gt;Endospermum malaccense&lt;/i&gt; (黃桐)&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;(但這個觀點顯然是Tokeshi &amp;amp; Yoko-o誤讀Yen et al.的文章所致, Yen et al.已經指出&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Endospermum&lt;/span&gt;不產於台灣, 因此其它大戟科植物或許可能被在地發生個體所利用)&lt;/span&gt;，然作者對此推測有所保留，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;而推測台灣族群可能亦由颱風因子而由菲律賓傳播而來，然此說法尚待台灣是否能採獲&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-8/uraniinae/uraniinae_1_1.php"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;幼蟲&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;與寄主紀錄的發現，以及族群遺傳學的資訊來佐證或反駁。同樣的，目前分布於台灣而被認為屬於菲律賓系統或南方海島起源的昆蟲類群，颱風與其他氣流的被動傳播方式的確是比須考量的因素之一。除此之外，對於地區性甚至全島的資源普查與物候發生資料蒐集，也是探討較大尺度生物地理議題時所不可或缺的資訊。&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;(註: 燕蛾的長距離播遷事實上並非新聞, 中美洲的&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Urania&lt;/span&gt;是著名的遷徙性物種, 而印尼產的&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Lyssa&lt;/span&gt;可被海上作業漁船燈光誘引也曾被記錄過)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: justify; font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: justify; font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;關於氣流傳播的文章尚有:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: justify; font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;Owada, M. 1989. A migrant noctuid moth, &lt;i&gt;Hypocala violacea&lt;/i&gt; Butler, obtained at Itoigawa on the Japan Sea coast, central Honshu. Japan Heterocerist's J. 152: 27.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: justify; font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&
