文獻來源：Jane U. Jepsen, Snorre B. Hagen, Stein-Rune Karlsen, and Rolf A. Ims. 2009. Phase-dependent outbreak dynamics of geometrid moth linked to host plant phenology. Proc R Soc B 276: 4119-4128. [link]
Climatically driven Moran effects have often been invoked as the most likely cause of regionally synchronized outbreaks of insect herbivores without identifying the exact mechanism. However, the degree of match between host plant and larval phenology is crucial for the growth and survival of many spring-feeding pest insects, suggesting that a phenological match/mismatch-driven Moran effect may act as a synchronizing agent.
We analyse the phase-dependent spatial dynamics of defoliation caused by cyclically outbreaking geometrid moths in northern boreal birch forest in Fennoscandia through the most recent massive outbreak (2000–2008). We use satellite-derived time series of the prevalence of moth defoliation and the onset of the growing season for the entire region to investigate the link between the patterns of defoliation and outbreak spread. In addition, we examine whether a phase-dependent coherence in the pattern of spatial synchrony exists between defoliation and onset of the growing season, in order to evaluate if the degree of matching phenology between the moth and their host plant could be the mechanism behind a Moran effect.
The strength of regional spatial synchrony in defoliation and the pattern of defoliation spread were both highly phase-dependent. The incipient phase of the outbreak was characterized by high regional synchrony in defoliation and long spread distances, compared with the epidemic and crash phase. Defoliation spread was best described using a two-scale stratified spread model, suggesting that defoliation spread is governed by two processes operating at different spatial scale. The pattern of phase-dependent spatial synchrony was coherent in both defoliation and onset of the growing season. This suggests that the timing of spring phenology plays a role in the large-scale synchronization of birch forest moth outbreaks.
Figures 4-18. Adults (male and female if examined) of (4), (5) E. interruptalis; (6), (7) E. nymphaeata; (8), (9) E. difflualis; (10), (11) E. nigralbalis; (12), (13) E. manilensis; (14), (15) E. turbata; (16), (17) E. fengwhanalis; (18) E. orientalis. Figures 19-30. Adults (male and female if examined) of (19), (20) E. sinicalis; (21), (22) E. miurai; (23), (24) E. nigrolinealis; (25) E. roesleri; (26), (27) E. separatalis; (28), (29) E. radiospinula sp. n.; (30) E. nuda sp. n.
文獻來源: Chen F, Wu C, Xue D. 2010. A review of the genus Elophila Hubner, 1822 in China (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Acentropinae). Aquatic Insects32(1): 35-60.
Abstract Fifteen species of the genus Elophila Huumlbner are recognised from China, including two new species described herein, namely E. radiospinula and E. nuda. The species E. melagynalis (Agassiz, 1978) from Fujian Province was a misidentification of Thysanoidma octalis Hampson, 1891 and its record in China is abolished. The species E. manilensis (Hampson, 1917), E. orientalis (Filipjev, 1933) and E. miurai Yoshiyasu, 1985 are reported for the first time in China. Descriptions of the genus and subgenera and a key to the Chinese species of Elophila are provided. The adults and the genital structures of all examined species are illustrated.
文獻來源：SH EBERHARD,AL HIKL,CL BOGGS, AND HW KRENN. 2009. Saliva or Regurgitated Nectar? What Heliconius Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Use for Pollen Feeding. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 102(6): 1105-1108 [link]
ABSTRACT The Neotropical Heliconius butterflies are well known to supplement their nectar diet by active pollen collecting. They extract proteins and free amino acids from pollen grains, exhibiting a particular behavior that involves the use of a fluid of uncertain origin. It has been assumed that this fluid is either regurgitated nectar or saliva, because for anatomical reasons a butterfly is able to release only these two fluids through its proboscis. In an experimental approach, 27 individuals of Heliconius melpomene (L.) were given red-dyed sugar solution and subsequently we observed whether the fluid used in pollen feeding was dyed or not dyed. Because regurgitated nectar should contain sugar, fluid samples were taken from the proboscis of butterflies from natural populations in Costa Rica. Samples of 44 individuals from seven species were tested for the presence of fructose and glucose with the aid of aniline phthalate. This study is the first detailed investigation of the origin of the fluid used by Heliconius butterflies in pollen feeding. The results are discussed in terms of already existing hints in literature concerning the true nature of that fluid.
Contribution to the Nolinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) fauna of North Thailand
New Orthosiini (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hadeninae) species and genera from the wide sense Himalayan region
New Psaphidinae and Oncocnemidinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) species and genera from the wide sense Himalayan region
New Xylenini (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Xyleninae) species and genera from the wide sense Himalayan region
Revision of the genus Acontia Ochsenheimer, 1816 and the tribus Acontiini Guenée, 1841 (Old World) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Acontiinae)
Catocala kaki ishizukai a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from China
Meharia yakovlevi, a new species (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) from Yemen
Wittocossus dellabrunai (Lepidoptera, Cossidae), a new species from China
Mimeusemia morinakai Kishida, 1995 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agaristinae) on Lombok with a Checklist of the Agaristinae of Sumatra, Java, Bali and Lombok
Contribution to the knowledge of the Iranian Orthopteroid insects I.
A new Euchloron megaera subspecies (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), described from Yemen
Über das Artenspektrum der Gattung Creatonotos Hübner, 1816 auf der Arabischen Halbinsel mit einer Revision der afrotropischen Creatonotos leucanioides Holland, 1893-Artengruppe (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae, Spilosominae)
A hitherto overlooked species of Speiredonia Hübner, 1823 from Australia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
[書名] Moths of Thailand Vol. 6, Arctiidae [作者] Cerny K, Pinratana A [年代] 2009 (September) [出版] Brothers of Saint Gabriel in Thailand [ISBN] 978-6-6-202-035-3 有關本系列叢書其它卷冊請參考六本腳之介紹
文獻來源：JM Norghauer, J Grogan, JR Malcolm, JM FelWli. 2010. Long-distance dispersal helps germinating mahogany seedlings escape defoliation by a specialist caterpillar. Oecologia 162:405–412. DOI 10.1007/s00442-009-1476-9
Abstract Herbivores and pathogens with acute host specificity may promote high tree diversity in tropical forests by causing distance- and density-dependent mortality of seedlings, but evidence is scarce. Although Lepidoptera larvae are the most abundant and host-specific guild of herbivores in these forests, their impact upon seedling distributions remains largely unknown. A firm test of the mechanism underpinning the Janzen–Connell hypothesis is difficult, even for a single tree species, because it requires more than just manipulating seeds and seedlings and recording their fates. Experimental tests require: (1) an insect herbivore that is identified and highly specialised, (2) linkage to an in situ measure (or prevention) of herbivory, and (3) evaluation and confirmation among many conspecific adult trees across years. Here we present experimental evidence for a spatially explicit interaction between newly germinating seedlings of a Neotropical emergent tree, big leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla, Meliaceae), and caterpillars of a noctuid moth (Steniscadia poliophaea). In the understory of a southeastern Amazon forest, the proportion of attacks, leaf area lost, and seedling mortality due to this specialised herbivore peaked near Swietenia trees, but declined significantly with increasing distance from mature fruiting trees, as predicted by the Janzen–Connell hypothesis. We conclude that long-distance dispersal events (>50 m) provided an early survival advantage for Swietenia seedlings, and propose that the role of larval Lepidoptera as Janzen– Connell vectors may be underappreciated in tropical forests.
