台灣產折角蛾(祝蛾)科兩新種描述與台產種類名錄

 

文獻來源：Park KT, Heppner JB, Bar YS (2013) Two new species of Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea), with a revised check list of the family in Taiwan. ZooKeys 263: 47-57.

折角蛾科(Lecithoceridae)是一群不算不常見，但科學家對其生物學背景瞭解有限的一群蛾類。牠們在旋蛾總科(Gelechioidea)之下算是一個中型的科，多樣性遠不如旋蛾科，但因為這群蛾類有為數不少的日行性種類，在物種普查與自然觀察活動中遇到的機會甚大。根據我們自己的經驗，有些物種的幼蟲可能是取食朽木或是腐植質，但整體來說科學家對這個科的瞭解非常少。

Taibnet中的Lecithoceridae有77種，而Park et al.這篇文章加入了兩個新種，分別為：

Caveana senuri Park, Heppner & Bae, 2013

Lecithocera dondavisi Park, Heppner & Bae, 2013

但我必需要說這篇文章很怪異，KT Park在這篇文章中又漏了以下物種，其中還有他自己發表的物種，我也不清楚為什麼他漏列以下種類。

Carodista fushanensis Park, 2000
Dinochares notolepis Park, 2000
Epimactis talantias Meyrick, 1908
Lecithocera theconoma Meyrick, 1926
Lysipatha diaxantha Meyrick, 1932
Lysipatha zonosphaera Meyrick, 1932
Thubana spinula Park, 2001
Torodora galera Wu & Liu, 1994

此外以下有三個種在Taibnet上的記錄需要被修訂

Torodora chianensis Park, 2003 (在Taibnet上被誤拼為chinanensis)
Frisilia cornualis Park, 2008 (Taibnet漏列)
Torodora ortilege (Meyrick, 1911) (Taibnet漏列)

毛夜蛾新屬Viridistria的建立以及台灣亦產之viridipicta由Belciana轉移至此新屬

文獻來源：Behounek G, Kononenko VS (2012) A revision of the “Belciana” viridipicta (Hampson, 1902) species group with description of a new genus and two new species from East Asia (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Pantheinae). Revision of Pantheinae, Contribution VII. Zootaxa 3590: 37-50.

The new genus Viridistria gen. n. (type-species Ancara viridipicta Hampson, 1902) is separated and described from the heterogeneous complex “Belciana.” Two new species, Viridistria secreta sp. n. and Viridistria hollowayi sp. n. are described from North Vietnam, Sumatra and Borneo. Three new combinations are introduced: Viridistria thoracica
(Moore, 1882) comb. n., Viridistria viridipicta (Hampson, 1902), comb. n. and Viridistria striatovirens (Moore, 1883), comb. n.). The adults, male and female genitalia are illustrated. A checklist of the genus Viridistria is presented.

新碧夜蛾屬(Anabelcia)屬的建立與台灣產一新種A. taiwana

文獻來源：Behounek G, Kononenko VS (2012) A revision of the “Belciana” kala Prout, 1924 species group with description of a new genus and two new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Pantheinae) from East Asia. Revision of Pantheinae, contribution VI. Zootaxa 3590: 1-15.

The new genus Anabelcia gen. n. (Type species Belciana kala Prout, 1924) is separated from the heterogeneous complex called“Belciana” (sensu auctorum) and described here. Four new combinations are introduced by transferring four species to the genus Anabelcia: A. kala (Prout, 1924) (Belciana) comb. n., A. nepalensis (Haruta, 1993) (Belciana) comb. n., stat. rev., A. siitanae (Remm, 1983) (Belciana) comb. n. and A. staudingeri (Leech, 1900) (Polydesma) comb. n. The status of the subspecies Anabelcia kala nepalensis (Haruta, 1993) is is changed, the taxon is upgraded to full species (stat. n.). Two new species, A. thai sp. n. and A. taiwana sp. n. are described. The imagines, male and female genitalia of all species of Anabelcia are illustrated. The checklist of the genus Anabelcia is presented.

球果尺蛾屬與近緣屬之屬級整理

文獻來源：Mironov VG, Galsworthy AC (2112) A generic level review of Eupithecia Curtis and some closely related genera based on the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental fauna (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae). Zootaxa 3587: 46-64.

球果尺蛾屬(Eupithecia Curtis, 1825)可能是鱗翅目中最大的屬，現生種約有1500種，主要分布於北半球溫帶地區或高海拔地區。由於這個屬極度龐大，過去一直有分類學者思考拆解這個大屬的可能性，然而在過去甚少有學者對這個屬的共衍徵，以及整個球果尺蛾族究竟有多少個屬進行基於全球物種的知識而提出的建議，因此越來越多新種的加入反而讓這個屬與這個族的分類體系更加紛亂。Mironov與Galsworthy在長期研究與探索球果尺蛾的多樣性之後，在這篇文章中提出屬級分類的一些看法。在這篇文章中，與台灣產物種相關的分類變革如下：

Eupithecia melanolopha為舊組合，新組合為Mesoptila melanolopha

Eupithecia rigida為舊組合，新組合為Girida rigida

中國產Tinissa屬蕈蛾的分類檢討

文獻來源：Yang L, Li H. (2012) Review of the genus Tinissa Walker, 1864 (Lepidoptera,  Tineidae, Scardiinae) from China, with description of five new species. Zookeys 228: 1-20. [全文連結] 在台灣拍到的Tinissa indica的照片可見此連結

Abstract The genus Tinissa Walker is reviewed for China. Seven species are recognized, of which Tinissa apicimaculata sp. n., Tinissa conchata sp. n., Tinissa connata sp. n., Tinissa leguminella sp. n. and Tinissa spirella sp. n. are described as new; and Tinissa insularia Robinson, 1976 is newly recorded from China. Photographs of the adults and illustrations of the genitalia are given. A key to all the known Chinese species and a distribution map of Tinissa in China are included.

中國產寬框尺蛾(Peratophyga)之分類檢討與兩新種描述

文獻來源：Jiang N, Xue D, Han HX (2012) A review of Peratophyga Warren, 1894 in China, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae). Zootaxa 3478: 403-415.

Abstract
The genus Peratophyga Warren, 1894 in China is reviewed. Six species are recognized, of which P. crista sp. nov. and P. recta sp. nov. are described. P. hyalinata grata (Butler, 1879) is restored to specific rank as P. grata (Butler, 1879) stat. rev. P. grata totifasciata Wehrli, 1923 comb. nov. is proposed. P. xanthyala (Hampson, 1896) and P. grata grata (Butler, 1879) are newly recorded for China. Two species are transferred from Peratophyga to the genus Stegania Guenée, 1845: S. castaneostriata (Yazaki & Wang, 2004) comb. nov. and S. modesta (Yazaki & Wang, 2004) comb. nov. A key to Chinese Peratophyga and diagnoses for Chinese species are provided. Illustrations of external features and genitalia are presented.

原來Taibnet中根據台灣鱗翅目昆蟲誌所登錄的Peratophyga venetia是一個錯誤的鑑定。作者將海南、廣東到台灣等地所見到的標本都視為一個新種Peratophyga crista Jiang, Xue & Han, 2012。此屬尺蛾的幼蟲取食金絲桃科植物，台灣產者的引證標本來自波昂動物學博物館中採自天祥的標本。

螟蛾總科分子親緣關係以及高階分類上的變動

文獻出處：Regier, J. C., Mitter, C., Solis, M. A., Hayden, J. E., Landry, B., Nuss, M., Simonsen, T. J., Yen, S.-H., Zwick, A. and Cummings, M. P. (2012), A molecular phylogeny for the pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) and its implications for higher-level classification. Systematic Entomology. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00641.x [摘要] 

簡介 

螟蛾總科為鱗翅目最大的總科之一，全球約有15684個已描述種，其中包含了重要的農業/森林害蟲、生物防治媒介與試驗研究的模式物種，然而此總科內部之親緣關係過去尚未釐清。本篇文章利用分子親緣研究重建此總科內部關係，並依此評估與過去形態為主的親緣假說間的差異性。材料方法上選取42個包含於螟蛾/草螟科科級內21個亞科級中的18個的分類群作為內群，抽取5個主要的核基因序列(6633個鹼基對)，此外再選取其中21個內群與24個外群擴增基因序列至14個來作親緣分析。 結果顯示： (1) 由最大概似分析法獲得ㄧ主要節點具高支持度的親緣關係樹 (83%節點具80以上bootstrap值)； (2) 螟蛾科內所有亞科枝系具90%以上高支持度，其關係與過去形態研究僅些微差異，大致關係為 Galleriinae + Chrysauginae (斑螟亞科 (螟蛾亞科 + 聚螟亞科))。Chrysauginae之內部關係仍待釐清，而過去較少被研究的澳洲特有屬則被視為Galleriinae + Chrysauginae甚至是整個螟蛾科的基群； (3) 草螟科內部枝系雖然多被高度支持，然而與過去提出的假說有衝突。在新提出的關係中主要分為"溼生棲地"枝系，包含水螟亞科、沙螟亞科與Midilinae，以及第二個枝系"芥花油"枝系(暫稱)，包含了Glaphyriinae, Evergestinae與Noordinae，此支系已知幼蟲取食十字花科植物，作者並將Evergestinae與Noordinae視為Glaphyriinae之同物異名，過去將Dichogaminae視為Glaphyriinae同物異名的處理亦被支持。此外野螟亞科與斑野螟亞科各別被確認為單系群，並互為姊妹枝系，而過去僅包含ㄧ屬(Niphopyralis)的Wurthiinae亞科雖然具有特殊幼蟲居住於蟻巢內的行為，然而在此篇文章的研究中僅視為斑野螟亞科的ㄧ個分枝，因此將Wurthiinae視為斑野螟亞科(Spilomelinae)之同物異名。 

Abstract 

Pyraloidea, one of the largest superfamilies of Lepidoptera, comprise more than 15 684 described species worldwide, including important pests, biological control agents and experimental models. Understanding of pyraloid phylogeny, the basis for a predictive classification, is currently provisional. We present the most detailed molecular estimate of relationships to date across the subfamilies of Pyraloidea, and assess its concordance with previous morphology-based hypotheses. We sequenced up to five nuclear genes, totalling 6633 bp, in each of 42 pyraloids spanning both families and 18 of the 21 subfamilies, plus up to 14 additional genes, for a total of 14 826 bp, in 21 of those pyraloids plus all 24 outgroups. Maximum likelihood analyses yield trees that, within Pyraloidea, differ little among datasets and character treatments and are strongly supported at all levels of divergence (83% of nodes with bootstrap ≥80%). Subfamily relationships within Pyralidae, all very strongly supported (>90% bootstrap), differ only slightly from a previous morphological analysis, and can be summarized as Galleriinae + Chrysauginae (Phycitinae (Pyralinae + Epipaschiinae)). The main remaining uncertainty involves Chrysauginae, of which the poorly studied Australian genera may constitute the basal elements of Galleriinae + Chrysauginae or even of Pyralidae. In Crambidae the molecular phylogeny is also strongly supported, but conflicts with most previous hypotheses. Among the newly proposed groupings are a ‘wet-habitat clade’ comprising Acentropinae + Schoenobiinae + Midilinae, and a provisional ‘mustard oil clade’ containing Glaphyriinae, Evergestinae and Noordinae, in which the majority of described larvae feed on Brassicales. Within this clade a previous synonymy of Dichogaminae with the Glaphyriinae is supported. Evergestinae syn. n. and Noordinae syn. n. are here newly synonymized with Glaphyriinae, which appear to be paraphyletic with respect to both. Pyraustinae and Spilomelinae as sampled here are each monophyletic but form a sister group pair. Wurthiinae n. syn., comprising the single genus Niphopyralis Hampson, which lives in ant nests, are closely related to, apparently subordinate within, and here newly synonymized with, Spilomelinae.