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2010年7月27日 星期二
以形態特徵重建狹義星燈蛾屬(Utetheisa s. str.)的親緣關係顯示Utetheisa與Pitasila亞屬為姐妹群, 但Atasca亞屬則可能不屬星燈蛾, 而新世界物種則起源自亞洲
文獻來源: DaCosta MA. 2010. Phylogeny of Utetheisa s. str. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae) with comments on the evolution of colour, hind wing scales and origin of New World species. Invertebrate Systematics 24: 113-130.
Abstract
Species of Utetheisa Hübner incorporate pyrrolizidine alkaloids into their defence strategy where they are protective against both invertebrate and vertebrate predators, and courtship behaviours by males incorporate the alkaloids into their pheromones. Although Utetheisa’s chemical ecology is well understood, the systematics is less clear. A phylogeny of Utetheisa was constructed based on adult morphology. The final data matrix consisted of 29 species and 105 characters (268 states) from adults scored from both nongenitalic and genitalic characters as follows: 3 head (8 states), 4 leg (8 states), 21 wing (49 states), 44 male abdominal and genitalic characters (124 states), and 33 female abdominal and genitalic characters (79 states). The resulting parsimony and Bayesian analyses demonstrated that Utetheisa s. str. is monophyletic and sister to U. Pitasila (Moore). UtetheisaAtasca (Swinhoe) is more closely related to outgroup taxa than it is to other Utetheisa species. Monophyly of Utetheisa s. str. is strongly supported by a posterior probability of 0.98. Colour was lost once and male wing androconia evolved independently in several species, all of which feed on hosts in Boraginaceae. Forbes’ hypothesis of an Old World origin for the genus is corroborated and two origins for New World species are supported.
Abstract
Species of Utetheisa Hübner incorporate pyrrolizidine alkaloids into their defence strategy where they are protective against both invertebrate and vertebrate predators, and courtship behaviours by males incorporate the alkaloids into their pheromones. Although Utetheisa’s chemical ecology is well understood, the systematics is less clear. A phylogeny of Utetheisa was constructed based on adult morphology. The final data matrix consisted of 29 species and 105 characters (268 states) from adults scored from both nongenitalic and genitalic characters as follows: 3 head (8 states), 4 leg (8 states), 21 wing (49 states), 44 male abdominal and genitalic characters (124 states), and 33 female abdominal and genitalic characters (79 states). The resulting parsimony and Bayesian analyses demonstrated that Utetheisa s. str. is monophyletic and sister to U. Pitasila (Moore). UtetheisaAtasca (Swinhoe) is more closely related to outgroup taxa than it is to other Utetheisa species. Monophyly of Utetheisa s. str. is strongly supported by a posterior probability of 0.98. Colour was lost once and male wing androconia evolved independently in several species, all of which feed on hosts in Boraginaceae. Forbes’ hypothesis of an Old World origin for the genus is corroborated and two origins for New World species are supported.
2010年7月21日 星期三
中國常綠闊葉林內產Micraglossa屬(鱗翅目: 螟蛾總科: 草螟科: 苔螟亞科)之分類學研究與其生物地理
文獻來源: Li W, Li H & Nuss M. 2010. Taxonomic revision and biogeography of Micraglossa Warren, 1891 from laurel forests in China (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Scopariinae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny. 68:159-180.簡介
在過去，Micraglossa共有11個已被描述的種類，從印度、中國、日本、菲律賓經亞洲熱帶雨林區往新幾內亞分佈至昆士蘭。本屬成員的身體與前翅背方分布有金色或銀色的鱗片，可用於區別本屬與同亞科其他屬成員。在本篇研究之前，中國一共紀錄三種本屬成員，而台灣則紀錄二種(M. manoi與M. aenealis)，而本研究則加入大陸本土四個新種與三個新紀錄，因此該屬成員在大陸目前共有十種。其中，M. manoi原本被認為只產於台灣，在本研究中則引證了來自大陸貴州與尼泊爾的標本。除此之外，作者們認為本屬成員主要活於常綠闊葉林中，他們將大陸各種Micraglossa標示於地圖上，並結合一月月均溫的資料，做出「一月均溫-10度C是限制本屬向北分布極限的氣候因子」的結論。
延伸閱讀：
Sasaki A. 1998. Notes on the Scopariinae from Taiwan, with descriptions of nine new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae). Tinea. 15(3):191-201.
2010年7月17日 星期六
捲蛾通訊11(2)已刊出
TORTS是由美國Smithsonian Institution所屬自然史博物館研究員John Brown所編輯的網路型刊物, 流通於相關分類學者之間. 11(2)已於7月16日刊出, 過往卷期可由此下載.2010年7月11日 星期日
2010年6月30日 星期三
印度-太平洋區的雙尾蝶屬種類之演化歷史與系統分類
文章來源:Muller CR, Wahlberg N, Beheregaray B. (2010) 'After Africa': the evolutionary history and systematics of the genus Charaxes Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Indo-Pacific region. Biological Journal of Linnean Society, 100: 457-481 [abstract]
相關閱讀：Aduse-Poku K, Vingerhoedt E, Walhberg N. (2009) Out-of-Africa again: A phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 53: 463-478. [abstract]
雙尾蝶屬(Charaxes)是一個高多樣性且吸引眾多鱗翅學家的蝴蝶類群，至目前為止約包含250種分為5個亞屬，其中約220種分佈在非洲區，31種分佈在印澳區。本篇針對分佈在印澳區的31種，基於COI, ND5與wingless三個基因分析其親緣關係與其生物地理歷史。根據以最大簡約法與貝氏分析法的結果顯示除了C. solon之外，印度太平洋(Indo-Pacific region)的種類為一單系群。分析中確認了印度太平洋區種類的八個主要的支系，包含solon + African, elwesi, harmodius, amycus, mars, eurialus, latona, nitebis與bernardus支系。除了其他基於主要以後翅型態為基礎的研究，這是第一個分析非洲區以外的雙尾蝶親緣關係。生物地理的分析顯示，印度太平洋地區的種類在非洲起源後，在這個區域的演化歷史，特別是在華萊士區，與其地質事件與氣候歷史有密切的關係。本研究推測所有華萊士區以東的雙尾蝶(除了C. solon)的起源是在華萊士區。最早的印度太平洋區支系從就大陸分化的時約為一千三百萬年前。這個區域的雙尾蝶的分化主要與Pliocene的氣候變遷有關，並且可能近至Pleistocene。雖然播遷與隔離在這個區域雙尾蝶扮演同樣重要的角色，後者對於華萊士區的雙尾蝶意義較為重大。
2010年6月17日 星期四
中南美洲經濟害蟲Copitarsia decolora的隱藏種
文獻來源:Simmons RB, Scheffer SJ. 2004. Evidence of cryptic species within the pest Copitarsia decolora (Guenee) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 97: 675-680. [abstract]
簡介
Copitarsia decolora是分布於中美洲以及南美洲的廣食性的經濟害蟲，在本篇文章中作者觀察到此物有種雄性個體的形態變異，藉由比對其粒線體細胞中的細胞色素(COI)分子序列，發現C. decolora可能包含了兩個隱藏種，且此兩個隱藏種與其同屬的C. naenoides為併系群，除了分子上的證據，C. decolora與隱藏種間在生殖器的抱器結構上也有差異，但在地理分布上C. decolora與隱藏種間並無區隔。C. decolora可能需要分類上的變革，但在那之前需要更多支持的證據。
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