圖片來源: HYPP Zoology
Concerted evolution of male and female display traits in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis.
BMC Biology, 2009 (in press) provisional PDF (1MB)
Jean-Marc Lassance and Christer Löfsedt.
雌蛾與雄蛾都具有涉及近程或遠程溝通的費洛蒙，而雌雄兩性的費洛蒙似乎有不同的起源且受到不同的演化限制，故被認為是演化上互相獨立的特徵。雌蛾憑藉雄蛾釋放的費洛蒙選擇配偶，作者以歐洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis)進行實驗發現雌蛾可以由雄蛾釋放的化學混合物質中判別其血統、年紀與生殖適應力。雄蟲釋放的費洛蒙成分與年紀相關，而雌蟲在選擇試驗中傾向於選擇年紀較大的雄。作者以來自法國、匈牙利、美國、斯洛維尼亞族群與亞洲一個姊妹種的費洛蒙進行測試，結果發現這些化學物質組成差異使得母蛾會選擇與自己同類的雄蛾，此現象會促進生殖隔離- 這是形成新種的前奏。作者認為這結合了潛在的遺傳適應度，費洛蒙可能是蝶與蛾演化的推動力。
Jean-Marc Lassance and Christer Löfsedt.
雌蛾與雄蛾都具有涉及近程或遠程溝通的費洛蒙，而雌雄兩性的費洛蒙似乎有不同的起源且受到不同的演化限制，故被認為是演化上互相獨立的特徵。雌蛾憑藉雄蛾釋放的費洛蒙選擇配偶，作者以歐洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis)進行實驗發現雌蛾可以由雄蛾釋放的化學混合物質中判別其血統、年紀與生殖適應力。雄蟲釋放的費洛蒙成分與年紀相關，而雌蟲在選擇試驗中傾向於選擇年紀較大的雄。作者以來自法國、匈牙利、美國、斯洛維尼亞族群與亞洲一個姊妹種的費洛蒙進行測試，結果發現這些化學物質組成差異使得母蛾會選擇與自己同類的雄蛾，此現象會促進生殖隔離- 這是形成新種的前奏。作者認為這結合了潛在的遺傳適應度，費洛蒙可能是蝶與蛾演化的推動力。
Background
Sexual reproduction entails the encounter of the sexes and the multiplicity of rituals is parallel to the diversity of mating systems. Evolutionary mechanisms such as sexual selection and sexual conflict have led to the elaboration of traits to gain attention and favours from potential partners. A paradox exists about how coordinated systems can evolve and diverge when there would seem to be a stabilising selection acting. Moth display traits - pheromones - constitute an advantageous model with which to address questions about the evolution of mating systems in animals. Both males and females can possess pheromones that are involved either in close- or long-range communication. Female and male pheromones appear to have different origins and to be under different evolutionary constraints, thus they might be envisioned as independently evolving traits. We conducted laboratory experiments to explore the role of scents released during courtship by males of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis.
Results
Information provided by the male pheromone appears critical for female acceptance. The composition of this male pheromone varies in an age-dependent manner and females show mating preference towards older males in choice experiments. Furthermore, male signals may allow species discrimination and reinforce reproductive isolation. Finally, we found evidence for a genetic correlation between male and female signals, the evolution of which is best explained by the constraints and opportunities resulting from the sharing of gene products.
Conclusions
In this study we used an integrative approach to characterise the male sex pheromone in a moth. Interestingly, the male chemical signal is analogous to the female signal in that structurally similar compounds are being used by both sexes. Hence, in systems where both sexes possess display traits, the pleiotropy of genes generating the traits could influence the evolutionary trajectories of sexual signals and lead to their divergence, with speciation being the ultimate result.
Sexual reproduction entails the encounter of the sexes and the multiplicity of rituals is parallel to the diversity of mating systems. Evolutionary mechanisms such as sexual selection and sexual conflict have led to the elaboration of traits to gain attention and favours from potential partners. A paradox exists about how coordinated systems can evolve and diverge when there would seem to be a stabilising selection acting. Moth display traits - pheromones - constitute an advantageous model with which to address questions about the evolution of mating systems in animals. Both males and females can possess pheromones that are involved either in close- or long-range communication. Female and male pheromones appear to have different origins and to be under different evolutionary constraints, thus they might be envisioned as independently evolving traits. We conducted laboratory experiments to explore the role of scents released during courtship by males of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis.
Results
Information provided by the male pheromone appears critical for female acceptance. The composition of this male pheromone varies in an age-dependent manner and females show mating preference towards older males in choice experiments. Furthermore, male signals may allow species discrimination and reinforce reproductive isolation. Finally, we found evidence for a genetic correlation between male and female signals, the evolution of which is best explained by the constraints and opportunities resulting from the sharing of gene products.
Conclusions
In this study we used an integrative approach to characterise the male sex pheromone in a moth. Interestingly, the male chemical signal is analogous to the female signal in that structurally similar compounds are being used by both sexes. Hence, in systems where both sexes possess display traits, the pleiotropy of genes generating the traits could influence the evolutionary trajectories of sexual signals and lead to their divergence, with speciation being the ultimate result.
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